烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

湖北省湿地鸟类初步研究

1995－1999年对湖北省湿地鸟类资源进行了考察,共记录到鸟类190种,隶属于15目39科,对鸟类的区系组成,生态类群及其数量进行了研究,本省的繁殖鸟类89种（夏候鸟46种,留鸟43种）,非本省繁殖鸟类101种（冬修鸟89种,旅鸟12种）,本省有国家重点保护鸟类42种：一级9种,二级33种;有重要经济,科研价值的鸟类132种,并对湿地鸟类资源的保护和管理提出了建议。     

四川乐山市“三江”地区鸟类资源初步调查

2006年9月-2008年7月对四川乐山市“三江”地区鸟类资源进行了初步调查,共记录野生鸟类126种,分属16目35科．其中：优势种鸟类10种,常见种鸟类30种,稀有种鸟类B6种;留鸟58种,冬候鸟29种,夏候鸟21种,旅鸟18种;繁殖鸟79种,属东洋界43种,古北界11种,广布种25种;列入国家二级重点保护的鸟类4种,四川省重点保护的鸟类11种．讨论认为该地区鸟类具有重要的生态保护、科研与利用价值．同时,对该地区当前鸟类保护工作面临的主要问题进行了初步分析,并提出了相应的保护对策．     

杨桃引起肾脏损伤的早期病变研究

用新鲜杨桃饲喂家兔，收集尿液化验，发现７只动物中５只发生血尿。红细胞最早见于饲喂杨桃后３８ｈ采集的尿液中。于第５天将全部动物处死，取肾脏进行光镜、电镜和免疫酶标检查，发现肾小球有炎症反应，基底膜损伤，肉眼血尿动物病变比镜下血尿和无血尿者严重。     

普通级啮齿类实验动物部分细菌携带情况的初步调查

了解在实际生产中常用普通级啮齿类实验动物中清洁级规定排除的4种主要细菌(沙门菌、鼠棒状杆菌、嗜肺巴斯德杆菌、支气管败血性鲍特菌)的携带状况,以及验证筛选的实验动物细菌检测常用普通培养基和生化培养基的应用效果.方法无菌采集动物气管分泌物,接种血平皿;采集回盲部内容物接种DHL、SS琼脂平皿,37℃48h后挑取可疑菌落进行纯化,取纯培养物进行染色镜检、生化特性鉴定及血清学反应.结论KM小鼠嗜肺巴斯德杆菌阳性率最高,为60%;豚鼠携带支气管败血性鲍特菌,阳性率为30%;总的细菌检出率为20%(其中嗜肺巴斯德杆菌总阳性率为16.25%,支气管败血性鲍特菌总阳性率为3.75%);选出的培养基应用于实验检测中是可行的.     

蒙药治疗80例寻常型银屑病临床观察

目的：观察蒙药珍宝丸等对寻常型银屑病的疗效.方法：将80例寻常型银屑病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例;治疗组口服珍宝丸等蒙药进行治疗,对照组口服银屑灵膏治疗,一个疗程21天,共4个疗程.观察皮损,记录PASI评分,评定疗效.结果：治疗组痊愈24例,显效8例,好转5例,无效3例,总有效率80.0%;对照组痊愈10例,显效16例,好转9例,无效5例总有效率65.0%.结论：蒙药治疗优于中药治疗.     

慈姑雌花蜜腺的解剖学观察

应用石蜡切片和组织化学方法,对慈姑雌花蜜腺的形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,慈姑雌花蜜腺不很发达,无明显的成形蜜腺,仅存在腺细胞及分泌道,腺细胞位于最外(最下)轮雌蕊基部的花托表面,由腺细胞构成腺表皮,属于花托蜜腺.它仅有一层分泌表皮(腺表皮)而未分化出特殊的产蜜组织,又属于非结构蜜腺.腺表皮由一层近方形的大型细胞组成,细胞排列紧密,细胞质浓厚,细胞核大,内含丰富多糖类物质.根据其蜜腺的位置及结构,可以推测其蜜腺可能是由花的雄蕊退化而成的.     

老年人股骨转子间骨折治疗方法的对比观察

５６例股骨转子间骨折中，采用切开复位钉板内固定手术治疗２２例，优良率为９０．９％，并发症为４．５％；非手术治疗３４例，优良率为４１．２％，并发症为４１．２％，比较表明切开复位钉板内固定治疗股骨转子间骨析可以降低并症和减少肢体畸形，疗效明显优于非手术治疗。     

涉及骑车人的典型交通危险场景

对上海地区真实交通中的自然行驶工况进行视频采集、筛选和分类,得到152例涉及骑车人(自行车、摩托车、电动助力车)的危险工况.通过聚类分析和卡方检验得到了7类典型的危险场景.最后用PreScan软件对这7类危险场景进行虚拟建模,得到了涉及骑车人的典型危险工况场景库.     

怀地黄不同品种根部特征和有效成分含量比较

以怀地黄6个栽培品种为材料,初步探讨了怀地黄不同品种的根部性状和品质性状.在相同的栽培条件下,测量了怀地黄6个主流栽培品种的块根外观性状,利用石蜡切片法观察并测量不同品种块根的解剖结构,微量元素和梓醇含量的测定分别用荧光光度计和高效液相色谱法.结果表明怀地黄不同品种梓醇含量、单株块根鲜重和块根中木质部的面积都有明显差异,梓醇含量和块根中木质部的比例呈显著正相关.     

在电子冷却存在情况下HIRFL-CSR上观测到的束流不稳定现象

本文描述了冷却储存环运行过程中得到的一些Schottky信号和束流位置探测器上的信号,这些信号与束流的不稳定性有一定的关系,有些是由于硬件引起的,有些是束流本身产生的,分别给出了注入时、冷却后和冷却力测量过程中离子束中心频率随时间的变化,分析了产生这些现象的原因,尝试寻找解决的方法,以期提高束流的稳定性,为下一步Schottky质量测量实验做准备.