微波法纳米镍的制备

探索了微波法制备纳米镍的有效方法及反应条件.在微波辐射快速加热的条件下,以乙二醇为溶剂,PVP为保护剂,采用N2H4.H2O还原N iC l2.6H2O,通过改变PVP、N2H4.H2O、N a2CO3的用量,经60s制备了大小比较均匀、平均粒径在50~100nm的球状纳米镍.TEM结果表明:这些纳米N i是由许多平均粒径为6 nm的小颗粒的纳米N i组成的球状聚集体.N a2CO3与N iC l2的最佳摩尔比为1∶1,PVP与N iC l2的摩尔比控制在40,N2H4.H2O与N iC l2的摩尔比控制在5.     

利用电石渣制备纳米碳酸钙的研究

以电石渣为原料 ,制备纳米碳酸钙 .研究制备过程中原料浓度、气体浓度、气体流速、反应温度、搅拌速度、添加剂用量等对产品粒径及晶型的影响 .采用 TEM、XRD等手段对颗粒形态与结构进行表征 ,纳米碳酸钙平均颗粒粒径约 5 0 nm,晶粒平均尺寸约 30 nm,为方解石型 .     

可见光敏感型纳米氮氧化钛光催化剂的制备和表征

利用高温气固相反应合成制备纳米氮氧化钛．研究制备过程中反应温度和反应时间对样品粒径和晶型的影响．采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和紫外可见光谱等手段对样品形态结构进行表征．结果表明，纳米氮氧化钛粒径为10～30nm，平均晶粒尺寸为16nm，颗粒晶型为锐钛矿型，并且发现氮氧化钛对波长在400～500nm的可见光有明显吸收．     

微波热分解法制备溶剂稳定的钯金属纳米颗粒

首次报道了在丁醇及氢氧化钠条件下,采用微波热分解法加热分解乙酸钯制备了金属钯纳米颗粒,并用TEM、XPS对其进行了表征.结果表明:随着乙酸钯浓度的增加,金属钯纳米颗粒的平均粒径由30 nm增至50 nm.讨论了当乙酸钯浓度为0.5×10-3 mol/L时,氢氧化钠浓度对金属钯纳米颗粒大小的影响.     

HEPES溶液中钯纳米颗粒的制备及对Suzuki反应的催化

以氯化钯为反应原料,在HEPES溶液中采用回流法合成钯纳米颗粒,该法具有环境友好、简便的特点.运用能量分析光谱仪(EDX)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对所合成样品进行表征.考察了表面活性剂、反应时间对纳米颗粒分散性和尺寸的影响.测定了钯纳米颗粒对Suzuki反应的催化活性及重复使用效果.结果表明,所合成的钯粒径在10～13nm之间,PVP的存在可提高纳米钯的分散性、减小颗粒尺寸,过长的反应时间不利于小颗粒及分散性好的钯颗粒的形成.所合成的纳米钯在乙醇/水体系中对Suzuki反应有很好的催化活性和循环使用稳定性,催化活性显著高于商业化的钯碳催化剂,重复使用3次产率均可达90%以上.     

超声场下不同形貌银胶体的制备与表征

为了研究制备工艺条件对不同形貌银胶体稳定性的影响,在超声场作用下,以AgNO3为前驱物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为保护剂,KBH4和N2H4·H2O分别为还原剂,制备了稳定的银胶体,并利用透射电镜和分光光度技术对制备的银胶体进行了表征．结果表明,超声场分布、超声作用时间、超声功率和还原剂种类等对银纳米粒子形貌影响较大．未经超声处理的银胶粒为较大的类球形和六边形,随着超声作用时间和超声功率的增加,颗粒变小．驻波场下制备的银颗粒具有一定的生长取向,有利于类球形和六边形银纳米颗粒的形成,而在扩散场中得到单分散的球形银纳米颗粒．经超声场处理的银胶体稳定性增强,主要以单分散的球形纳米颗粒存在,平均粒径约为20 nm,放置数周后未出现聚沉物．改变还原剂的种类,可制备出球形、类球形和六角形银纳米颗粒．     

焙烧温度对TiO2纳米晶型转变及粒度的影响

以阴离子交换膜为隔膜,在阴极采用电化学沉淀法制备TiO2·xH2O纳米颗粒,并在不同温度下进行焙烧,得到不同晶型和粒度的TiO2.TEM和XRD分析结果表明:在773 K时TiO2微粒呈现出锐钛矿结构,粒径约为30～40 nm;在873 K时TiO2微粒出现以锐钛矿为主含有3.85%金红石相混晶结构,粒径约为50～60 nm;在1 173 K时TiO2微粒已完全转变为金红石相,粒径达到100 nm以上.     

分散剂对纳米相二氧化锡制备的影响

采用化学沉淀法 ,通过在不同阶段加入适量的分散剂 ,制备了纳米相二氧化锡 .以 PCS、TEM详细研究了二氧化锡胶体和粉体的粒子形貌、大小及分布 .结果表明 :二氧化锡胶体颗粒分散均匀 ,粒径约 3nm左右 ,分布范围窄 ;80℃烘干后粒径约 8nm左右 ;70 0℃煅烧后颗粒为球型 ,团聚体少 ,颗粒粒径小于 5 0 nm.最后 ,定性分析了分散剂在纳米相二氧化锡制备中的分散机理 .     

空芯纳米氧化亚铜颗粒的制备及其光学性质

采用微波辐照法,以葡萄糖为还原剂还原Cu^2＋离子,制备出空芯纳米氧化亚铜颗粒,并研究了表面活性剂六次甲基四胺对颗粒形貌的影响．制得的样品利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及紫外分光光度计（UV-vis）进行表征．结果表明,用微波辐照法制备的氧化亚铜颗粒具有空芯球状结构;随着表面活性剂浓度的减少,构成空芯球的纳米颗粒由球状过渡为片状,且粒径逐渐增大．氧化亚铜颗粒属于立方晶型,其吸收峰出现在430nm附近,对应的禁带宽度约为2．58eV,尺寸效应导致了明显的蓝移现象．     

Mg2+掺杂对TiO2粉末晶型转变的影响与机理

取钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇和硝酸镁为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂不同量Mg^2＋的TiO2粉末，用XRD、TEM、TGDTA对粉末的晶体结构、晶粒大小和形貌进行表征，并研究了TiO2在锐钛矿型和金红石型之间的的晶型转变过程．结果表明：粉末的平均粒径为纳米级，当物质的量分数x（Mg^2＋/Ti^4＋）-1．0％，粉末平均粒径由60nm左右减为40nm左右；Mg^2＋。’的掺人延缓了TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变，且随着Mg^2＋掺入量的增加，晶型转变越不容易发生，当物质的量分数x（Mg62＋／Ti^4＋）-2．0％时，Mg^2＋在TiO2中的固溶度已经达到饱和，XRD谱图开始出现MgTi2O5的特征峰,分析了Mg^2＋的掺杂阻碍了TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型转变的原因．因此，掺杂适当量Mg^2＋有利于制备热稳定性比较高的锐钛矿型粉末．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-