影响膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化因素研究

通过控制膜生物反应器(MBR)中溶解氧(DO)浓度、碳氮比(C/N)、污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)等摸索了实现同步硝化反硝化的工艺条件,同时对好氧反应器中实现同步硝化反硝化的机理进行了探讨.化学需氧量(COD)在250 mg/L左右,C/N为10～30∶1,MLSS为5 g/L,HRT为5.0 h,DO为0.6～0.8 mg/L时,总氮去除率达86.0%,取得了良好的总氮去除效果,表明由于好氧反应器中缺氧区的存在,控制好操作条件可以实现同步硝化反硝化.体系中氨氮、硝态氮浓度的变化与总氮去除的关系说明短程反硝化现象的存在,而且在实现同步硝化反硝化过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

一体化An／O工艺处理市政污水的中试研究

以污水厂初沉池出水作为研究对象,考察了常温(8~20℃)条件下,处理规模为5 m3/h的一体化厌氧/好氧生物反应器同步脱氮除磷的效果.试验中,系统脱氮始终存在同步硝化反硝化现象.通过低氧条件下亚硝酸盐的富集,系统进入稳定脱氮期.在稳定脱氮期,反应器出水亚硝酸盐平均累积率达82.52%,系统脱氮以亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化的方式为主,实现了短程同步脱氮及磷和有机物的协同去除.TN,TP和COD平均去除率分别为77.4%,87.7%和90.4%.在该研究条件下,DO质量浓度的最佳控制范围是(0.25±0.10)mg/L.     

曝气生物滤池废水深度处理同步硝化反硝化机理及影响因素

证明曝气生物滤池废水深度处理时在适当的条件下能够进行同步硝化反硝化脱氮,影响同步硝化反硝化的因素有温度、溶解氧（DO）、pH值和CODCr/N比等.通过实验得出在温度20~28℃,DO为0.8~1.5mg/L,pH值7.2~8,CODCr/N为6.9~9.2下,同步硝化反硝化作用效果最明显,TN的去除率为最大,平均值分别为63.4%,66.9%,65.5%和67.2%.     

间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

DO对膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用人工配制的生活污水作为原水,考察了在膜生物反应器(MBR)中不同溶解氧(DO)对于同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.结果表明,将试验条件控制在TN容积负荷为0.35 kgN/(m3*d)、HRT为6 h、SRT为30 d、pH为7～8、温度为25～28 ℃、C/N为9时:在反应器DO的质量浓度为0.6 mg/L条件下,可获得62.5%的NH+4 -N去除率、91.1%的反硝化率和58.3%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.0 mg/L条件下,可获得90.8%的NH+4-N去除率、90.4%的反硝化率和82.5%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.4 mg/L时,可获得93.3%的NH+4-N去除率、77.0%的反硝化率和72.1%的SND率.     

包埋活性污泥和反硝化污泥短程硝化反硝化脱氮

以模拟废水为对象,在传统的流化床反应器内,将活性污泥和经驯化的反硝化污泥按适当比例混合后,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)加适当添加剂将其包埋,并对短程硝化反硝化脱氮进行了研究.结果表明,在进水NH4+-N平均为53.60mg/L,COD为281.19mg/L,HRT12h,调控温度、溶解氧、pH等,出水亚硝化率和TN去除率分别可达95%和85%以上,短程硝化反硝化脱氮较理想.当进水COD含量从150mg/L增加到750mg/L,TN去除率从73.66%提高到96.79%.适合包埋颗粒短程硝化反硝化脱氮的最佳溶解氧浓度约为4.0mg/L.当pH一直维持在8.0左右,温度从30℃降到25℃过程中,短程硝化反硝化并未遭破坏.当温度维持在25℃,pH从8.0降到7.5,连续运行约5个周期后,短程硝化反硝转变为全程的硝化反硝化.     

DO和HRT对连续流MBBR亚硝酸型SND影响

为探讨亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化SND过程中的生物脱氮特性,以实际生活污水为对象,通过连续运行移动床生物膜反应器MBBR系统,研究了溶解氧质量浓度DO和水力停留时间HRT对亚硝酸型SND的影响.试验结果表明,化学需氧量COD在200 mg/L左右,HRT为14 h,水温为15~27℃,pH值为6.24~6.98的相对稳定条件下,控制DO在2.9~5.0mg/L的过程中MBBR反应器均能实现亚硝酸型SND,平均亚硝酸盐氮NO2-—N积累率为75.96%;当DO为(4.5±0.3)mg/L时,平均总氮TN去除率达62.89%,取得了最好的TN去除效果,而该条件下NO2-—N的积累率达最小值51.23%,DO过高或过低都会影响系统亚硝酸型SND的进行;当COD在220 mg/L左右,pH值为6.14~7.47,水温为26~31℃,控制溶解氧在(4.5±0.3)mg/L,随HRT的延长,氨氮NH4+—N和TN的去除率明显增大,但NO2-—N的积累率减小,系统的亚硝酸型SND效果逐渐减弱.     

EBPR的快速启动及其与同步硝化反硝化耦合实现污水的脱氮除磷

为了解处理生活污水的强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统的除磷和脱氮特性,采用SBR接种普通活性污泥,通过逐步提高进水COD浓度的方式,结合短污泥龄控制,实现了EBPR系统的快速启动,并对启动后系统的脱氮除磷特性进行了研究.试验结果表明:当进水COD浓度由200 mg/L左右逐步提高至500 mg/L左右时,29 d可实现EBPR系统的启动,此后30 d内出水磷浓度稳定维持在0.5 mg/L以下,磷去除率平均达99.4%.该系统还可长期高效稳定地用于高磷污水(含磷40mg/L)的处理.成功启动后的EBPR系统内聚磷菌(PAOs)为优势菌,占全菌总数的34%±3%,但也存在硝化反硝化菌和聚糖菌.在EBPR系统稳定运行时的好氧段,PAOs吸磷的同时伴随着脱氮菌群的同步硝化反硝化(SND)作用,使得平均总无机氮(TIN)损失达7.6 mg/L,系统总氮(TN)去除率在70%左右.EBPR系统内除磷耦合同步硝化反硝化,可实现污水的脱氮除磷.     

单一反应体系曝气量与污泥质量浓度对同步硝化反硝化的影响

利用自培养硝化污泥与实验室筛选的1株反硝化细茵共培养形成共生污泥,构建膜生物反应器(MBR)单一反应体系同步硝化反硝化系统,得到系统良好同步硝化反硝化曝气量和污泥浓度的最优条件.由试验结果可知:在混合污泥质量浓度(MLSS)6.0～10.0g/L时,调节曝气量,可以使单污泥同步硝化反硝化总氮(TN)去除率达到85%以上.不同MLSS下,达到最高TN去除率的最佳曝气量随着MLSS增高而向高曝气量偏移.随着MLSS增高,响应因子F变小,由曝气量的变化而引起的TN去除率变化明显变缓,表示MLSS对O2传递的缓冲能力越强.在MLSS为8g/L条件下,低负荷比较容易达到较高的TN去除率,而高负荷下需要更高的曝气量以获得高的TN去除率,系统适合的NH4+-N负荷范围0～0.30 kg/(m3·d).MLSS≥3.0g/L,出水化学需氧量(COD)低于50 mg/L,COD大部分贡献于反硝化所需C源.单一反应体系同步硝化反硝化系统能对负荷的改变作出及时的回应,整体上运行比较稳定.     

基于内循环折流式反应器的同步硝化反硝化

采用一种内循环折流式生物反应器进行脱氮实验.分别用硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和氨作为氮源配制模拟废水进行研究.结果表明:该反应器具有良好的除氮功能.当以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐为氮源时,总氮与硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的去除速率几乎相同,其降解规律可以用分数级动力学进行很好地拟合,其反应级数为0.88.当以氨作为氮源时,可以实现同步硝化和反硝化.此时氨氮的去除仍可以0.88级动力学进行描述.而总氮的去除规律符合3级反应动力学.在相同的碳氮比(C/N)情况下,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的去除速率远大于氨氮的去除速率,且总氮的去除速率随C/N的增加而增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.