基于遗传神经网络的多元渣系活度预测模型

基于遗传神经优化BP神经网络权值和阈值建立了多元熔渣活度模型.人工神经网络能实现任意函数逼近,结构简单;遗传算法是建立于遗传学和自然选择原理基础上的一种全局优化搜索算法,能根据个体的适应度函数,通过对个体施加遗传操作实现群体内个体结构重组的迭代处理,逐代演化出越来越好的近似解.通过对CaO-SiO2,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO渣系组元活度的计算和仿真表明,遗传神经网络具有很强的非线性拟合能力,计算结果在不同的情况下均能很好地吻合文献值,因此能够准确预报多元渣系中组元活度值.     

CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3炼铁渣系硫化物容量的热力学模型

基于炉渣离子-分子共存理论(IMCT)建立了CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3炼铁渣系的硫化物容量预报模型,即IMCT-CS2-模型,比较了该渣系1773 K时实测的硫化物容量、IMCT-CS2-模型预报的硫化物容量及其他五种硫化物容量模型的计算结果.结果表明,由IMCT-CS2-模型预报的1773K时CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3炼铁渣系的硫化物容量更精确.本文建立的IMCT-CS2-模型不仅可计算该渣系的总硫化物容量,而且可计算该渣系中自由CaO和MgO各自的硫化物容量.1 773 K时CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3炼铁渣系中Al2O3质量分数由10%增加到17%,CaO质量分数由38%增加到44%,MgO质量分数由12%降低到4%可使自由CaO对该渣系的总硫化物容量贡献率由97%提高到99%,同时使自由MgO的贡献率由3%降低到1%.     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaF2-La2O3-Nb2O5-TiO2渣系的活度计算模型

根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论,建立了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaF2-La2O3-Nb2O5-TiO2八元渣系的活度计算模型.利用该活度模型,计算和分析了此渣系中铌、稀土、钛相关组元的活度变化规律.实验结果表明,模型计算结果与实际测量值能较好吻合;在本实验渣系条件下,含铌组元主要为FeO·Nb2O5,含...     

熔渣黏度的模型估算研究

单纯的实验测定已无法满足对熔渣黏度数据的实际需求,利用D.Sichen和S.Seetharaman等人的黏度模型和熔渣的正规溶液(RS)模型理论,建立了熔渣组元吉布斯黏流活化能、吉布斯混合自由能以及组成与熔渣黏度的函数关系,即熔渣黏度估算模型.并估算、测量了CaF2-CaO,Al2O3-CaO两个体系渣样的黏度.结果表明:对于CaF2-CaO渣系,黏度测量值与修正模型估算值吻合很好;对于Al2O3-CaO渣系,模型估算值与黏度测量值基本吻合,但在共晶点组成渣样的模型估算值与实际测量值吻合得更好.     

基于BP神经网络的高炉熔渣黏度预测

建立一种BP神经网络模型来预测多元组分CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系高炉熔渣的黏度,并对其测量值进行实验验证。结果表明,采用BP神经网络模型对高炉渣黏度预测的总平均误差为2.36%,较好地解决了预测结果与实验结果之间的非线性关系,且预测结果与实验结果相吻合。     

帘线钢CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO系夹杂物的成分控制

利用热力学计算软件FactSage计算出CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO四元系各成分的活度数据,并通过热力学计算分析了帘线钢获得良好变形能力的CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO四元系夹杂物生成所需的条件,验证了本文所介绍方法的可行性. 指出为得到塑性区的CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO系夹杂物,要控制CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO四元系夹杂物中Al2O3为20%,LF精炼炉中钢液的酸溶铝[Al]s含量应小于3×10-6,溶解氧含量应在2.0×10-5～6.0×10-5之间.     

铬矿在CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3渣系溶解的动力学模型

为了更好地揭示转炉内铬矿熔融还原机理,测定了一定形状的天然铬矿在CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3渣系中的溶解速率,运用宏观动力学原理建立了用于描述铬矿溶解过程的动力学模型.结果表明:在本实验条件下,铬矿在CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3渣系中溶解过程由其表面溶解反应控制,反应温度对铬矿溶解反应速率常数的影响显著,计算得到的溶解活化能为524.52 kJ/mol;随着反应温度的升高,铬矿在渣中的溶解速率增大.     

钾长石-硫酸钙-碳酸钙体系的热力学分析

为了利用焙烧法生产可溶性钾肥,对钾长石-硫酸钙-碳酸钙体系的热分解反应进行了热力学计算和实验研究.计算结果表明:在富氧化钙区域内,CaO-SiO2、CaO-Al2O3和SiO2-Al2O33个二元体系及CaO-SiO2-Al2O3三元体系的热分解固相反应将优先生成2CaO·SiO2、2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2,并且随着氧化钙组分的增加,反应产物最终向2CaO·SiO2和3CaO·Al2O3转化.根据这种趋势得出钾长石-硫酸钙-碳酸钙热分解体系最佳的物料(钾长石/硫酸钙/碳酸钙)摩尔配比为1∶1∶14,并对此进行了实验验证.     

精炼渣中FeO的活度模型

根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论,建立了SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-FeO-MnO六元渣系的活度计算模型。计算得到了LF精炼渣中FeO的活度值,并分析了炉渣成分Al2O3、FeO以及碱度w(CaO)/w(SiO2)对FeO活度的影响,为帘线钢精炼变渣过程中控制回硫提供指导。     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO四元矿渣棉体系的表面张力测定与模型预报

表面张力是矿物棉生产的重要参数,直接影响到配料和工艺参数的选择.通过实验测量并建立模型预报系统研究了以高炉渣为主要原料制备矿物棉时熔体的表面张力.首先测量了Si O2(40%~60%)-Al2O3(5%~20%)-Ca O(20%~30%)-Mg O(5%)四元系的表面张力,其值处于350~500 m N·m-1之间;然后结合文献报道的表面张力数据,利用人工神经网络技术建立了Si O2(35%~60%)-Al2O3(5%~20%)-Ca O(20%~45%)-Mg O(0~10%)四元渣系的表面张力预报模型.该模型对成分范围内的表面张力预报平均误差为9.32%,预报精度较高,可以预报矿物棉熔体成分范围内的表面张力.     

含FeO熔渣还原过程起泡行为研究

在１４４０－１５３０ ℃，通过Ｘ射线装置观测了石墨还原ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＦｅＯ熔渣（ＣａＯ／ＳｉＯ２＝０．７５－１．５）中ＦｅＯ反应过程中渣的起泡行为，测定了熔渣的起泡指数和起泡率等参数。结果表明，熔渣的起泡率随熔渣中ＦｅＯ的初己考叭墼疃鹊纳叨龃蟆?     

Effect of slag composition on the cleanliness of 28MnCr5 gear steel in the refining processes

The equilibrium reaction between CaO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂—MgO slag and 28MnCr5 molten steel was calculated to obtain the suitable slag composition which is effective for decreasing the oxygen content in molten steel. The dissolved oxygen content [O] in molten steel under different top slag conditions was calculated using a thermodynamic model and was measured using an electromotive force method in slag–steel equilibrium experiments at 1873 K. The relations among [O], the total oxygen content (T.O), and the composition of the slag were investigated. The experimental results show that both [O] and T.O decrease with decreasing SiO₂ content of the slag and exhibit different trends with the changes in the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio of the slag. Increasing the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio results in a decrease in [O] and an increase in T.O. To ensure that T.O ≤ 20 ppm and [O] ≤ 10 ppm, the SiO₂ content should be controlled to <5wt%, and the CaO/Al₂O₃ mass ratio should be in the range from 1.2 to 1.6.     

磷在CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5与2CaO·SiO2颗粒界面间的传质行为

对2CaO·SiO2(C2S)颗粒与C2S饱和的CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5渣在1 500℃下的反应进行了实验研究,采用SEM/EDS观测了C2S颗粒与熔渣界面之间不同位置各成分的含量变化,讨论了磷在C2S颗粒与熔渣界面间的传质行为。结果表明,在C2S颗粒与其周围熔渣形成的固液两相区内生成了n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5(nC2S-C3P)固溶体。随着反应时间的延长,nC2SC3P固溶体层越来越厚,在指向C2S颗粒内部方向,nC2S-C3P固溶体层中的磷含量逐渐降低。了解磷在C2S与熔渣界面间的传质行为,有助于CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5中nC2S-C3P固溶体形成机理的研究。     

Rheological behavior and constitutive equations of heterogeneous titanium-bearing molten slag

Experimental studies on the rheological properties of a CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–TiO₂–(TiC) blast furnace (BF) slag system were conducted using a high-temperature rheometer to reveal the non-Newtonian behavior of heterogeneous titanium-bearing molten slag. By measuring the relationships among the viscosity, the shear stress and the shear rate of molten slags with different TiC contents at different temperatures, the rheological constitutive equations were established along with the rheological parameters; in addition, the non-Newtonian fluid types of the molten slags were determined. The results indicated that, with increasing TiC content, the viscosity of the molten slag tended to increase. If the TiC content was less than 2wt%, the molten slag exhibited the Newtonian fluid behavior when the temperature was higher than the critical viscosity temperature of the molten slag. In contrast, the molten slag exhibited the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid characteristic and the shear thinning behavior when the temperature was less than the critical viscosity temperature. However, if the TiC content exceeded 4wt%, the molten slag produced the yield stress and exhibited the Bingham and plastic pseudoplastic fluid behaviors when the temperature was higher and lower than the critical viscosity temperature, respectively. When the TiC content increased further, the yield stress of the molten slag increased and the shear thinning phenomenon became more obvious.     

预熔型精炼渣发泡性能实验研究

在实验室内利用中频感应炉对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO熔渣的发泡性能进行研究，分析了熔渣组成、碱度、粘度、表面张力及助熔剂对熔渣的起泡寿命和发泡指数的影响，同时对高碱度熔渣的发泡性能进行具体分析，研究结果表明碱度在3．0（低碱度渣）和10左右（高碱度渣）、渣指数在0．3左右、Al2O3在低碱度区时含量在8％-14％和高碱度区20％-28％时熔渣具有良好的发泡性能，同时研究表明随着粘度的增加，发泡指数和发泡寿命逐渐降低；随着表面张力的增加，发泡指教和发泡寿命逐渐增加。这对于实际生产的合理配渣衣指导意义。     

Enhancement of the nickel converter slag-cleaning operation with the addition of spent potlining

The slag cleaning (or matte settling) process was experimentally investigated at 1573 K using a fayalitic nickel converter slag containing spinel and matte/alloy particles. The addition of various amounts of spent potlining (SPL) was studied in terms of its influence on matte settling and the overall metal recoveries. The slags produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and wet chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The presence of solid spinel particles in the molten slag hindered coalescence and settling of matte/alloy droplets. Matte settling was effectively promoted with the addition of as little as 2wt% SPL because of the reduction of spinel by the carbonaceous component of the SPL. The reduced viscosity of the molten slag in the presence of SPL also contributed to the accelerated matte settling. Greater metal recoveries were achieved with larger amounts of added SPL. Fast reduction of the molten slag at 1573 K promoted the formation of highly dispersed metal particles/clusters via accelerated nucleation in the molten slag, which increased the overall slag viscosity. This increase in viscosity, when combined with rapid gas evolution from accelerated reduction reactions, led to slag foaming.     

尾矿改性高炉渣的凝固行为与黏度行为

通过在高炉渣中加入不同质量分数的尾矿作为改性剂,研究了改性熔渣的凝固行为和黏度行为.采用X射线衍射和偏光显微镜研究了熔渣的矿物组成和显微结构,采用熔体物性测定仪研究了熔渣在1 200℃到1 475℃的黏度.结果表明:配加尾矿后,熔渣的酸度系数(Mk)达到1.2~1.8时,熔渣凝固后呈现非晶/玻璃质的特征;显微结构除Mk=1.8以外,均为致密均匀的结构.此外,熔渣成纤适宜的温度区间显著增大,尾矿适宜的配比为16.98%~34.18%.     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢中非金属夹杂物来源

为了研究不锈钢连铸坯中非金属夹杂物的主要类型及其主要来源,用扫描电镜分析了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢连铸坯中的夹杂物成成,并分别在AOD渣、大包渣及中间包渣中加入示踪剂进行了三次示踪实验.实验结果表明,0Cr18Ni9不锈钢连铸坯中的非金属夹杂物主要为CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系夹杂物,其次为MgO-Al2O3类尖晶石和硫化物;非金属夹杂物的主要来源是AOD还原期的还原产物、脱硫产物和出钢时混入钢水中的AOD渣滴;AOD出钢后,大包顶渣、中间包覆盖剂和结晶器保护渣不会对钢液造成明显污染.     

Effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and FeO content on the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–"FeO"–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags

An effective process for recycling lead from hazardous waste cathode ray tubes (CRTs) funnel glass through traditional lead smelting has been presented previously. The viscous behavior of the molten high lead slag, which is affected by the addition of funnel glass, plays a critical role in determining the production efficiency. Therefore, the viscosities of the CaO–SiO2–"FeO"–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags were measured in the current study using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreases as the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio is in-creased from 0.8 to 1.2 and also as the FeO content is increased from 8wt% to 20wt%. The breaking temperature of the slag is lowered sub-stantially by the addition of FeO, whereas the influence of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio on the breaking temperature is complex. The structural analysis of quenched slags using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the silicate network structure is depolymerized with increasing CaO/SiO2 mass ratio or increasing FeO content. The [FeO6]-octahedra in the slag melt increase as the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio or the FeO content increases. This increase can further decrease the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slag. Furthermore, the activation energy for viscous flow decreases both with increasing CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and increasing FeO content.     

CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5渣中磷的富集行为

通过考察不同温度下CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5熔渣中磷在2CaO·SiO2颗粒内部和表面以及熔渣本体中的浓度分布规律,对CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5熔渣中磷的富集行为进行了研究.结果表明:熔渣中存在的2CaO·SiO2固体颗粒为渣中磷富集提供了场所,磷向2CaO·SiO2颗粒富集并形成2CaO·SiO2...