斑翅蝗科部分种属细胞分类学的研究

文中对斑翅蝗科６属８种进行了染色体Ｃ带和银染ＮＯＲｓ定位等项细胞分类学指标的研究,在此基础上,对其分类地位和亲缘关系进行了初步探讨,结果表明：在研究的种类中,其亲缘关系大体可分为三个类群：飞蝗属与车蝗属较为近缘;尖翅蝗属、绿纹蝗属与小车蝗属较为近缘,而皱膝蝗属与上述两个类群亲缘关系较为疏远,此外,文中还就科级、属级和种级阶元细胞分类学特征进行了比较分析。     

滇西横断山地区蝗虫三新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述采自云南省西部横断山地区蝗总科昆虫三新种，即斑翅蝗科的透翅小车蝗，网翅蝗科的贡山雏蝗及雪山雏蝗。     

中国网翅蝗科二新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述采自陕西及西藏地区网翅蝗科蝗虫二新种,即秦岭异爪蝗Euchorthippus qinlingensis sp.nov.及黑膝雏蝗Chorthippus fusigeniculatus sp.nov..秦岭异爪蝗近似于邱氏异爪蝗Euchorthippus cheui及绿异爪蝗Euchorthippus hebaceus,其区别于二者为：1）前翅缘前脉域具闰脉;2）前翅中脉域与肘脉域等宽;3）雄性尾须细长弯曲,超过肛上板顶端;4）雄性下生殖板长锥形,顶圆;5）后足股节上膝侧片黑色;而又区别于邱氏异爪蝗为：1）前胸背板沟前区侧隆线略弯曲;2）不具宽的黑色眼后带;而又区别于绿异爪蝗为雌性前翅前缘脉域具一白色纵纹.黑膝雏蝗近似于呼城雏蝗Chorthippus huchengensis及郑氏雏蝗Chorthippus zhengi,其区别于二者为：1）前胸背板侧隆线间最宽处为最狭处宽的2.4倍;2）雄性中胸腹板侧叶间中隔最狭处宽为长的1.6倍;3）雄性前翅中脉域宽为肘脉域宽的6倍;而又区别于郑氏雏蝗为：1）前胸背板沟前区与沟后区等长;2）后足股节膝部黑色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

广西斑腿蝗科二新属及二新种记述(直翅目:蝗总科)

记述了采自广西大青山地区斑腿蝗科二新属及二新种,即拟越蝗属Tonkinacrisoides gen.nov.,广西拟越蝗Tonkinacrisoides guangxiensis sp.nov.,皱蝗属Rugulacris gen.nov.及红胫皱蝗Rugulacris rubitibialissp.nov.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

贵州蝗总科5种蝗虫的核型和C-带

研究了贵州斑腿蝗科(Catantopidae)的云贵希蝗(Shirakiacris yunkweiensis),中华越北蝗(Tonkinacris sinen-sis),中华板胸蝗(Spathosternum prasiniferum sinense)和网翅蝗科(Areypteridae)的青脊竹蝗(Ceracris nigricornis nig-ricornis)以及斑翅蝗科(O edipodidae)的疣蝗(Trilophida annulata)等5种蝗虫的核型和C—带。结果显示:5种蝗虫的染色体数目均为2n(♂)=22+x0=23,全部是端部着丝粒染色体;核型公式:2n(♂)=2x=23 t:NF=23;按相对长度,除中华越北蝗分为L、M两组外,其余4种都可分为L、M、S3组;都具着丝粒C—带,但端带和居间带不是每种每条染色体都有;异染色质总量是中华越北蝗的(27.48%)最多,青脊竹蝗的(19.13%)最少。     

青海三种土蝗（直翅目：蝗总科）的染色体核型分析

用常规染色体制方法对青海高山草地三种土蝗即青藏雏蝗、红翅皱膝蝗和大垫尖地翅蝗的染色体数目的研究结果：青藏雏蝗的染色体数目为2n（♂）=17=16 XO;常染色体类型为中着丝点染色体（m,6条）和端着丝点染色体（T,10条）;性染色体类型为端着丝点染色体;核型公式为：K（2n,♂）=17=6m 11T=6L 6M 4S XO。红翅皱膝蝗和大垫尖翅蝗的染色体数目均为2n(♂）=23=23T=4L 12M 6S XO。结果表明：不同科蝗虫的重要区别在于染色体数目与核型的差异,同科内不同属之间的蝗虫在常染色体相对长度有明显差异。     

山西蝗虫名录

本文报道了对山西蝗虫调查的结果，共记录蝗虫48种，其中癞蝗科1属2种、锥头蝗科1属4种、斑腿蝗科9属11种、斑翅蝗科13属16种、网翅蝗科6属35种、槌角蝗科3属6种，剑角蝗科4属4种，其中山西省新记录2种。     

宁夏地区网翅蝗科一新属及一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述采自宁夏回族自治区网翅蝗科一新属及一新种，即宁夏蝗属Ｎｉｎｇｘｉａｃｒｉｓ新属及腾格里宁夏蝗Ｎｉｎｇｘｉａｘｒｉｓ ｔｅｎｇｇｅｒｅｎｓｉｓ新种。     

我国斑腿蝗科四新种记述(直翅目:蝗总科)

记述了采自广西壮族自治区元宝山自然保护区斑腿蝗科四新种，即八齿稻蝗Oxya octodentata sp.n，黑尾片凸额蝗Traulia nigrifurcula sp.n,黄胫外斑腿蝗Xenocatantops luteitibia sp.n.及黑尾卵翅蝗 Caryanda pelioncerca sp.n.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

吉林省沼泽蝗属蝗虫一新种(直翅目:蝗总科)

沼泽蝗属Mecostethus Fieb.是蝗总科、斑翅蝗科中的一个小属，目前全世界已知有9种，主要分布于欧洲、亚洲东北部和非洲北部。栖息的环境多为沼泽地区或湿度大、植被覆盖度较高的地区。我国已知有4种。记述采自吉林省白城市的沼泽蝗属一新种，即白城沼泽蝗Mecostethus baichengensis sp.nov.,并与其近似种做了比较。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生命科学学院动物标本室。     

六种蝗虫基因组DNA多态性的RAPD标记研究

运用随机扩增多态 DNA技术对斑翅蝗科 Oedipodidae中三属六种蝗虫基因组DNA进行了多态性比较 ,共扩增出 2 2条特异性片断 ,分子量大小为 650～ 1 990 bp之间 ,并根据各种间片段共享度构建了 UPG聚类关系图 .研究结果表明 ,大垫尖翅蝗和甘蒙尖翅蝗的片段共享度为 0 .375;红翅皱膝蝗和鼓翅皱膝蝗的片段共享度为 0 .2 86;亚洲小车蝗和黄胫小车蝗的片段共享度也为 0 .2 86     

Phylogenetic position of Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China： Evidence from sequences of cpDNA matK gene and nrDNA ITS regions

The chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA from Schnabelia, a genus endemic to China, and 6 genera of Verbenaceae and 13 genera of Lamiaceae were sequenced. The phylogenetic signal and validity outgroups were measured and evaluated by means of the relatively apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA). Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses for the matK and ITS sequences were performed using the maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, indicating that Schnabelia oligophylla and Caryopteris terniflora form a sister-group relationship. The Caryopteris complex is not shown to be a monophyly because Trichostema, C. paniculata and C. forrestii are paraphyletic to the clade containing the remaining members of the complex. A monophyly of Ajugoideae proposed by Cantino et al., including 8 genera in this study, is strongly supported and the closest relatives of Schnabelia are in the Ajugoideae (Lamiaceae), especially near Caryopteris terniflora. The polygenetic analyses also showed that the genera of Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae sampled in this tudy are phylogenetically mixed and the genus Avicennia is distant to other genera of Verbenaceae. RASA and combined analysis can be used as effective approaches to determining the relationships among phylogenetically complex groups.     

应用线粒体Cytb基因序列探讨果蝇科部分属间的系统发育关系

通过PCR产物直接测序的方法获得了果蝇科(Drosophilidae)果蝇属(Genus Drosophila)[包括条纹果蝇亚属(Subgenus Dorsilopha)、果蝇亚属(Subgenus Drosophila)和水果果蝇亚属(Subgenus Sophophora)]、条果蝇属(Genus Phorticella)、姬果蝇属(Genus Scaptomyza)和花果蝇属(Genus Scaptodrosophila)的5个种6个单雌系的线粒体Cytb基因的部分DNA序列,用最大似然法、邻接法和Bayesian法分别构建系统树．研究结果表明：在选取的所有属和亚属中,花果蝇属的分化是最早的,其次是条纹果蝇亚属;姬果蝇属与果蝇亚属是近源的,条果蝇属同姬果蝇属和果蝇亚属形成的并系群是近源的;水果果蝇亚属早于果蝇亚属分化,水果果蝇亚属形成的支系是果蝇亚属和其它属(花果蝇属和姬果蝇属)形成的支系的姐妹分类单位．结果还表明线粒体Cytb基因可以作为有效的分子标记探讨高阶元的果蝇系统发育关系．     

陕北高原蝗虫资源调查及区系分析

经调查，陕北高原共计蝗虫2总科8科14亚科27属51种(亚种)，其中对陕北地区农牧业危害严重的属有小车蝗属、星翅蝗属、负蝗属、尖翅蝗属、疣蝗属、稻蝗属等；对陕北高原蝗虫区系进行分析，结果表明：古北种为43种，占84．31％；东洋种1种，占1．96％；广布种为7种，占13．73％。标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

基于线粒体ND4基因探讨水龟组系统发生关系

水龟组由旧大陆潮龟科的拟水龟属、眼斑龟属和新大陆龟科的水龟属组成,这三个属以前一直被认为是同属的,但没有得到形态学和染色体等方面的认同.本文测定了四眼斑水龟和黄喉拟水龟线粒体基因组的ND4基因,用部分ND4基因及相邻tRNA基因共985bp的序列(包含简约信息位点235bp)讨论了它们的系统进化关系.MP树和ML树显示:在水龟属中,牟氏水龟和木雕水龟亲缘关系最近,与星点水龟亲缘关系次之,石纹水龟位于水龟属的基部,与水龟属其它物种的亲缘关系较远.拟水龟属与眼斑龟属在潮龟科是姐妹群关系,但与龟科水电属亲缘关系较远.本文结果支持潮龟科和龟科的单系起源,二者为非姐妹群.     

用酯酶同工酶法对蝗虫分类的研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳技术,根据八种痴蝗EST同工酶酶带数目和相对迁移率及体形态特征的比较初步确定了它们间的亲缘关系。     

雉科四族鸟类的分子系统发生研究

摘要：为了研究雉科4个族（鹑族Perdicini、雉族Phasianini、眼斑雉族Argusianin和孔雀族Pavocini）的系统发生,本研究分析了雉科4属7种鸟类线粒体DNAC01基因694bp序列,共发现210个变异位点,其中简约信息位点180个。4个族之间,眼斑雉族和孔雀族的遗传距离最小为0．145;眼斑雉族和雉族间的最大为0．192。4个族在系统发生树上聚成两个明显的分支,其中鹑族和雉族聚成一支,眼斑雉族和孔雀族聚成另一支。形态和分子的证据均表明眼斑雉族和孔雀族关系较近。     

Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life

Long-held ideas regarding the evolutionary relationships among animals have recently been upended by sometimes controversial hypotheses based largely on insights from molecular data. These new hypotheses include a clade of moulting animals (Ecdysozoa) and the close relationship of the lophophorates to molluscs and annelids (Lophotrochozoa). Many relationships remain disputed, including those that are required to polarize key features of character evolution, and support for deep nodes is often low. Phylogenomic approaches, which use data from many genes, have shown promise for resolving deep animal relationships, but are hindered by a lack of data from many important groups. Here we report a total of 39.9 Mb of expressed sequence tags from 29 animals belonging to 21 phyla, including 11 phyla previously lacking genomic or expressed-sequence-tag data. Analysed in combination with existing sequences, our data reinforce several previously identified clades that split deeply in the animal tree (including Protostomia, Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa), unambiguously resolve multiple long-standing issues for which there was strong conflicting support in earlier studies with less data (such as velvet worms rather than tardigrades as the sister group of arthropods), and provide molecular support for the monophyly of molluscs, a group long recognized by morphologists. In addition, we find strong support for several new hypotheses. These include a clade that unites annelids (including sipunculans and echiurans) with nemerteans, phoronids and brachiopods, molluscs as sister to that assemblage, and the placement of ctenophores as the earliest diverging extant multicellular animals. A single origin of spiral cleavage (with subsequent losses) is inferred from well-supported nodes. Many relationships between a stable subset of taxa find strong support, and a diminishing number of lineages remain recalcitrant to placement on the tree.     

Studies on the osteology of the bagrid catfishes from the Jialing River（IV）：an approach to the phyloge－neti

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