煤矿开采动态地表下沉预计算法

针对煤矿地下开采造成岩层及地表移动随时空变化、开采时间与空间的变化对地表移动变形影响等问题,为准确预测开采过程中的地表移动变形,对开采沉陷的影响函数预计方法进行了理论分析与应用研究.应用数值积分方法,通过数学建模实现了开采沉陷预计系统.明确了开采沉陷动态移动变形模型的具体算法,提出了通过倾向微元化达到顾及主要影响半径随采深变化的方法,使得缓倾斜煤层的使用Knothe模型得以实现.应用VB开发了开采沉陷地表动态移动变形系统,并通过现场实测数据验证了动态预计算法的正确性.     

大采深综放开采地表移动变形规律

为研究在大采深综放工作面开采条件下地表移动变形规律,以陈家沟煤矿八采区8512,8513综放工作面地表移动观测数据为基础,分析在大采深综放工作面条件下开采一个工作面与开采两个工作面后的地表移动变形规律。另外,运用概率积分法建立模型,根据观测数据进行反演模拟修正预计参数,得出在该条件下的概率积分预计参数,并总结充分采动条件下地表移动变形规律。结果表明:在大采深综放开采条件下,开采一个工作面时,地表属于极不充分采动,大采深极不充分采动地表移动变形一般较小,地表损害一般在Ⅰ级以内,开采后地表建筑物能够安全使用;开采两个工作面后,地表属非充分采动,地表水平移动范围较常规开采条件下范围要大,且水平移动范围一般比下沉范围大;预计在第四个工作面开采后地表达到充分采动。非充分采动条件下,下沉盆地呈非对称分布,最大下沉点不在采空区中心上方;在达到充分采动条件时,最大下沉值处于采空区中心上方,从盆地中心至边缘下沉值逐渐减小趋于0;拐点处的水平变形值与曲率值均为0.反演得出大采深综放工作面地表移动预计参数及地表移动角量参数,预计地表达到稳态时,地表最大下沉量为5 003 mm.此成果能够为该矿"三下开采"评价提供理论依据。     

建筑物下采煤技术在蛇形山矿的实践

开采前通过对建筑物受采动影响的移动变形预计,确定开采方案,建立地表各建筑物监测系统.再对试采过程中所获得的大量观测资料进行综合分析,以掌握开采引起的地表移动规律以及对地面建筑物的破坏情况.     

重复采动地表变形等值线绘制方法

为研究井下多工作面重复采动后地表变形等值线的变化规律,采用概率积分法和距离幂次反比法,对井下多工作面开采后的地表各个变形值进行计算,应用矩形网格模型的方法,将计算的结果进行可视化处理,绘制出重复采动地表各个变形等值线.将该计算方法应用到西马煤矿的生产实践当中,将上述各变形值等值线绘制方法得到的结果与现场实测结果进行对比,可见二者的误差较小,符合采矿工程领域实际需要.     

大范围多工作面重复采动地表变形预测算法和系统开发

以概率积分法和距离幂次反比法为基础,开发了大范围多工作面重复采动地表变形预测算法,并以此算法为基础,应用C#语言开发了软件,实现了复杂开采条件下的地表变形快速智能预测。并将上述的算法和软件应用到某矿的双工作面开采后的地表变形预测,将预测值与实际值进行对比,得出下沉值、倾斜值、曲率值、水平移动值和水平变形值的绝对误差平均值分别为4.6 mm、0.070 mm/m、0.0038×10~(-3)/m、4.0 mm和0.098 mm/m。下沉值、倾斜值、曲率值、水平移动值和水平变形值的平方差分别为37.86、0.0097、0.000025、19.46和0.052。预测结果的精度满足实际生产需要。     

河流下限高协调开采方案

为解决杉木树煤矿河流下安全采煤问题.采用物理相似材料模拟和RFPA2D数值模拟方法,研究采后覆岩破坏规律及导水裂隙到高度并得出防水安全煤岩柱须为40倍采高.应用限高协调开采原理制定了局部限高协调开采方案.使用地表沉陷预计软件YLH-12预计采后地表变形情况,最大下沉值为1 500 mm并出现在采区中部,整条河道水平变形值为0~-11 mm/m.同时开采实践测得地表未出现大范围沉陷,河道下沉值小于水平变形值,工作面涌水量较小且变化不大.结果表明:限高协调开采理论正确可靠,并成功指导河流下安全开采.     

彬长生产服务区下采空区稳定性评价研究

针对彬长生产服务区建筑群受采空区影响问题,应用数值模拟计算、覆岩变形理论分析方法,结合地表监测成果,综合计算分析了建筑群下107工作面综放开采采空区稳定性及其对建筑物的影响,分析结果表明,107工作面开采属于非充分采动,覆岩中洛河组、宜君组坚硬厚岩层对地表移动变形具有控制性的作用,由于坚硬关键层的整体变形作用,使得地表水平移动范围大于沉陷范围,地表建筑群下采空区已基本稳定.应用影响函数预计模拟方法预计分析了地表剩余移动变形,表明地表移动盆地已经处于基本稳定状态,地表剩余移动变形对建筑物影响很小.研究结果为彬长生产服务区建筑群下开采沉陷灾害治理提供了可靠地依据.     

开采沉陷动态预计中的流变模型及应用

解决开采沉陷动态预计的规律性问题，必须把地质实测经验资料和采场覆岩移动变形力学机制有机地结合起来。用流变力学原理推导地表动态移动下沉值与时间的函数关系式，结合现场实测资料对相关系数进行估算，可以有效地对开采地表变形进行预计，有助于确定地表受采动的影响程度。     

任意形状工作面开采地表移动变形预计的算法实现

针对目前矿山生产的现状，对任意形状工作面开采地表移动变形的预计算法进行了研究。应用概率积分法的基本原理，结合生产实际，运用VC 语言，开发了地表移动变形预计系统。本系统采用面向对象的技术和方法进行数据组织，基于剖面线算法实现图形分割和网格的自动生成，实现了任意形状工作面开采的移动变形预计、预计结果的可视化输出。     

炉峪口煤矿8号煤开采沉陷实测研究

炉峪口煤矿在开采1820工作面时,在工作面上方地表建立地面岩移观测站,通过实地观测得出了重复采动下地表移动变形的参数及移动规律.为进一步研究煤矿地表沉陷提供了实测数据和理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to