大型空调客车车身结构计算分析

本文叙述了桂林客车厂产大型空调客车车身模型化方面的若干问题。用自编的计算程序在MC6800微机上实现了对客车车身的动静态结构分析计算,所得结果和电测试验数据相接近。根据有限元计算分析的结果,对客车身提出了强度及刚度方面的改进意见。     

基于有限元法贝雷便桥空间整体稳定性研究

针对当前贝雷便桥设计计算中忽视空间整体稳定性的现状,运用大型有限元软件MIDAS对一座贝雷便桥进行了空间整体稳定性计算,并对影响整体稳定性的主要因素进行了分析,得出了相关稳定系数和对应的失稳模态,并提出了加强贝雷便桥整体稳定性的建议.     

基于CFD的客车空气动力学分析

为了解决客车在高速行驶时,气动阻力急剧增加,耗油量增加的问题,针对某国产大型客车的简化模型及改进模型,应用计算流体力学原理和方法对模型的外流场进行了数值模拟,得到了两种客车模型的表面压力分布、速度矢量分布以及气动阻力系数等气动特性.对比分析表明:增大前围与顶部的圆角可以降低客车气动阻力,但是对后部流场影响很小.     

稳态侧风作用下类客车形体气动特性分析

以提高客车高速行驶时侧风安全性为目的,利用计算流体动力学方法建立类客车形体稳态侧风工况下的数值计算模型,研究其在不同横摆角下的空气动力学特性.计算结果表明:气动升力系数和气动侧力系数随着横摆角的增加而增加,气动阻力系数对横摆角变化不敏感,呈现先增加后减小的趋势.增加顶盖与侧围过渡圆角,增加侧围与后围过渡圆角,减小顶盖倾角都能不同程度地降低气动力系数,对改善客车高速行驶时侧风稳定性有较好的效果.模型的风洞试验数据验证了数值计算方法的准确性,计算结果为客车造型设计提供了理论依据.     

全承载客车底架制作工艺方法

全承载客车车身制作通过五大片和底架通过总拼完成,底架制作是全承载车身各部分中最重要的一块。底架制作包括单片制作、小拼和总拼,主要通过焊接平台和总装平台来保证各相关尺寸。全承载客车底架制作工艺有效的提高了整车骨架的稳定性,对全承载客车来说是一次技术革新。     

基于Lyapunov的客车稳定域估计

针对平面稳定域在评价车辆稳定性方面的不足,提出了客车空间稳定域的一种估计方法.建立了包含Pacejka轮胎魔术公式的客车三自由度非线性动力学模型,通过仿真和实车试验对比验证了所建模型的有效性.基于客车非线性动力学模型,构建了系统Jacobian矩阵,应用霍尔维茨(Hurwitz)判据分析了车辆系统稳定性随前轮转角变化情况以及车辆的临界状态.在构建客车系统二次型能量函数的基础上,利用Lyapunov法和车辆系统稳定特性确定了客车空间稳定域.客车在满载条件下的蛇形试验结果表明:应用上述方法确定的客车行驶稳定域能够较好地表征车辆系统稳定性,可为客车操纵稳定性评价和控制提供有益参考.     

基于前后轮联动转向的菱形客车操纵稳定性研究

根据菱形客车底盘布置的特殊性,建立了前后轮联动转向的二自由度操纵模型.在此基础上,推导出菱形客车的稳定性因数,从而确定了满足不足转向的条件;同时还分析了菱形客车的操纵稳定性以及整车参数变化对其产生的影响.结果表明:菱形客车的操纵稳定性受整车质量影响较小,而受前后轴轴距和整车质心位置的影响较大.不足转向条件和各参数变化对整车操纵稳定性的影响规律将有助于菱形客车的总体设计,具有较好的工程参考意义.     

基于横向载荷转移量的客车侧倾稳定性分析

针对客车侧倾稳定性问题,建立了基于横向载荷转移七自由度动力学模型,并根据所获得实车试验数据验证了所构建模型的合理性.根据所构建的具有横向载荷转移七自由度动力学模型进行了不同车速下转向盘转角阶跃仿真,分析客车结构参数和车速对其侧翻稳定性的影响.仿真结果表明:客车后轮驱动轴为侧倾稳定性的危险车轴,当车速过高或前轮转角过大时,后轴首先离地.增大各轴轮距、降低簧上质量质心高度、提高客车悬架侧倾刚度,能够有效的提高客车的侧倾稳定性.     

我国铁路空调客车车内热负荷计算的方法研究

对我国铁路空调客车空调技术的发展做了简要的回顾,对铁路空调客车空调的重要性进行了简要的阐述,并对我国铁路空调客车车辆热、湿负荷计算的重要性进行了论述,在此基础上对我国铁路空调客车车内热负荷的计算进行了分析与研究,运用公式进行了计算,得到了适用于我国铁路空调客车的车内热负荷的计算方法,论文最后得出了适合于我国铁路空调客车的车内热负荷和湿负荷计算的公式和重要的结论,对我国铁路空调客车性能的进一步提高和改进有着非常重要的作用。     

客车急转工况下转向稳定的横向力系数与转弯半径计算

针对客车快速转弯或变道过急等急转工况易发生侧滑或侧翻等问题,提出采用横向力系数作为客车急转工况下转向稳定的评估指标,推导考虑悬架的横向力系数计算式;通过分析横向力系数对行驶稳定性的影响,定义了客车急转工况下横向力系数的预警阈值、危险阈值及其与车速的关系;面向主动安全控制,提出基于横向力系数阈值的转向稳定的转弯半径计算模型,选取典型客车参数,采用对比分析法对计算模型进行仿真验证,模型所得结果正确有效,与IPG Truck Maker所得极限值接近,并具有1.15~1.30倍安全系数.研究结果可为客车急转工况下的转向稳定评估及主动控制提供理论参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with