Cu-Ni-Al系合金铸态组织研究

对Cu-Ni-Al系合金的铸态组织进行研究,使企业更好地认识和了解Cu-Ni-Al系列合金,进而更好地开发利用该合金.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,对Cu-Ni-Al和Cu-Ni-Al-Ti合金进行观察和分析.结果表明：Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金铸态组织中枝晶组织与偏析区（Ni₃Al）界限十分明显,且枝晶组织比较粗大.而Ti的加入促使Ni和Cu的分布变得均匀,并且Ti的加入使合金中有魏氏体产生,致使合金的力学性能降低,减小了合金的变形能力,导致Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金在热轧时有开裂的现象发生.并且能谱分析显示Ni₃Al存在于枝晶中和枝晶间,说明Ni₃Ti的稳定性较好,在高温时就有Al₃Ti形成,在固溶扩散过程中,Ni₃Ti被排挤到枝晶之间,形成第二相.     

Er在Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金中的存在形式及其均匀化工艺

采用扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射物相定性分析,研究元素Er在Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金中的存在形式及其均匀化工艺。研究结果表明:Er元素主要以Al8Cu4Er相形式存在于铸态合金晶界,少量固溶于-αAl中;Al8Cu4Er相作为Al2Cu相的形核质点,与Al2Cu相共生于晶界,形成典型的枝晶偏析;与Al2Cu相相比,Al8Cu4Er相为难溶相,使得合金均匀化温度升高,成为均匀化过程中工艺的制约因素;采用420℃×6 h+510℃×24 h+520℃×6 h均匀化制度处理后,Al8Cu4Er相回溶至基体,合金晶界变薄,均匀化效果明显。     

Cu含量对喷射成形7055铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、冲击试验以及微观组织观察试验,分析降低Cu含量对喷射成形7055铝合金强度、断裂韧性和微观组织的影响。力学性能试验表明,7055铝合金中Cu的质量分数由2.55%降低到2.17%时,对其强度和伸长率影响不大,但Cu含量降低后合金的断裂韧性显著提高。微观组织分析表明,Cu含量降低前晶界上存在粗大的Al₇Cu₂Fe相,Cu含量降低后晶界上的粗大析出相明显减少;断口分析表明,Cu含量降低前拉伸断口中存在较多的Al₇Cu₂Fe第二相,Cu含量降低后Al₇Cu₂Fe第二相明显减少。     

均匀化处理对7A52铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测量、金相和高温原位X射线衍射分析技术研究不同均匀化处理条件下7A52铝合金组织与性能的变化规律，着重讨论不同均匀化处理条件下合金的物相组成及其演变、基体固溶体固溶度的变化与合金硬度和电导率的关系。研究结果表明：铸态合金由α-Al过饱和固溶体及少量平衡相MgZn2组成；在均匀化处理过程中，铸态合金显微组织结构发生了2个方面的变化：一方面，在300℃以下均匀化，过饱和固溶体分解，析出MgZn2平衡相；在400℃以上均匀化，上述平衡相又逐步回溶到基体固溶体中；另一方面，在400℃以上均匀化，铸态合金枝晶组织和枝晶间粗大的平衡相随均匀化温度的升高而逐步消失，与此同时，铸态合金的硬度先降低然后升高，电导率则先升高然后降低。这种性能的变化与铸态合金的组织结构变化一一对应。7A52合金铸锭适宜的均匀化处理工艺为470℃／24h。     

均匀化退火对AZ31B镁合金组织与性能的影响

AZ31B镁合金铸态组织晶界处存在粗大的"骨骼"状Mg17Al12相以及凝固过程中产生的成分偏析,严重影响了铸锭的成形性能.为改善其成形性能,对铸态试样进行了均匀化退火试验,其保温温度为380,400,420 ℃以及保温时间为6,15,24 h.均匀化退火后Mg17Al12相呈细小的颗粒状分布在α-Mg基体上,枝晶偏析大部分得到消除,镁合金的塑性得到改善.根据均匀化退火后的组织与性能变化确定了最佳的退火工艺为400 ℃×15 h.     

2E12铝合金均匀化过程微观组织演变规律

采用SEM,EPMA,TEM和硬度测试等技术,研究2E12铝合金铸锭在均匀化过程中的非平衡相溶解、元素分布特征以及第二相析出行为。研究结果表明:合金铸锭的晶界处连续分布着粗大的α+θ+S共晶组织。合金中的Cu和Mg元素存在明显的偏析,而Mn元素分布较为均匀。随着均匀化处理的进行,合金中的粗大共晶组织逐渐溶解,Cu,Mg和Si元素逐步溶入合金基体,而Fe和Mn元素则从合金基体中脱溶。在均匀化处理过程中,合金基体中析出大量T相粒子。伴随着T相的析出,合金的硬度逐渐升高,同时电导率也明显增加。当合金于490℃均匀化1 000 h后,晶界附近出现明显的PFZ。     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金力学性能与组织演变

为了提高合金的力学性能，通过微合金化的方法设计了一种新型超轻Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金，通过熔铸、均匀化、多向锻造和异步轧制工艺获得了细晶镁合金板材。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等表征手段研究了合金微观组织的演变，利用拉伸试验机测试了合金变形前后的室温拉伸性能，研究了不同状态下合金的力学性能，讨论了合金力学性能与微观组织转变的影响因素。结果表明，在铸态Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金中存在着α-Mg基体和Mg₂Sn、AlLi、Al₂Y和Al₂Er等第二相颗粒，多向锻造和异步轧制组合工艺有效地细化了Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金的晶粒，使合金的平均晶粒尺寸减小到7.15 μm，室温下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提高至255 MPa、220 MPa 和24.9%。     

2099铝锂合金微观组织及性能的演变

对2099铝锂合金微观组织及性能在热机加工过程中的演变进行研究。研究结果表明:枝晶粗大,晶界偏析严重的铸态合金经双级均匀化(510℃/12 h+530℃/36 h)处理后,树枝晶消失,晶界偏析基本消除,晶界上残余有少量的Al Cu Fe Mn/Al Cu Mn颗粒。均匀化后的铸锭在450℃进行热挤压,获得直径为16 mm的合金棒。合金经固溶处理后,平行于挤压方向上,中心区域形成强的{111}?112?织构和次强的{111}?110?织构,表层区域形成{112}?110?织构。中心区域的织构强度较表层的强。合金心部和表层硬度(HV)分别为95和120。在峰时效条件下,大量的T1和δ′相以及少量的θ′相在基体中析出。合金相应的抗拉强度,屈服强度和伸长率分别为613 MPa,597 MPa和7.9%。随着时效时间的延长,合金应力腐蚀敏感性降低。在过时效条件下,合金获得理想的抗应力腐蚀性能,强度损失率为5.5%。     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

Ce对耐热铝导体材料铸态组织和性能的影响

采用电阻率测试、硬度测试、金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察等方法,研究添加不同含量稀土Ce对铸态耐热铝导体材料Al-0.15Zr合金的影响。研究结果表明:Ce能净化基体,与杂质相形成金属间化合物,改变杂质相的形态和分布;添加适量的Ce,显著细化了晶粒和枝晶组织,有利于导电性和强度的提高;随着Ce加入量的增大,晶粒细化效果更好;当Ce含量(质量分数)超过0.3%以后,二次枝晶间距继续减小,但晶粒尺寸细化不明显;当Ce含量为0.3%和0.4%时,Al-0.15Zr合金的导电性和强度均达到最大值。     

Dendrite growth and micromechanical properties of rapidly solidified ternary Ni-Fe-Ti alloy

The rapid solidification of undercooled liquid Ni_(45)Fe_(40)Ti_(15)alloy was realized by glass fluxing technique.The microstructure of this alloy consists of primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase and a small amount of interdendritic pseudobinary eutectic.The primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase transferred from coarse dendrite to fragmented dendrite and the lamellar eutectic became fractured with the increase of undercooling.The growth velocity ofγ-(Fe,Ni)dendrite increased following a power relation with the rise of undercooling.The addition of solute Ti suppressed the rapid growth ofγ-(Fe,Ni)dendrite,as compared with the calculation results of Fe-Ni alloy based on LKT model.The microhardness values of the alloy and the primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase increased by 1.5 times owing to the microstructural refinement caused by the rapid dendrite growth.The difference was enlarged as undercooling increases,resulting from the enhanced hardening effects on the alloy from the increased grain boundaries and the second phase.     

Microscopic characterization of semi-solid aluminium alloys

The microstructural evolution and element distribution of the Al-4Cu-Mg alloy during semi-solid compression were investigated, and the precipitate behavior and dislocation morphology were discussed. The experimental results show that the microstructure, the number of CuAl₂ (θ phase) precipitates, and the dislocation density of the Al-4Cu-Mg alloy depend apparently on the process parameters. More segregation of Cu at the grain boundary happens with an increase of deformation temperature and a decrease of strain rate, leading to an increase in the number of θ phase. With an increase of height reduction, Cu segregation at the grain boundary decreases gradually. Moreover, unique dislocation morphologies including helical dislocations and dislocation loops appear at different process parameters and evolve to reduce the stored energy.     

Microstructural characterization of as-cast and homogenized 2D70 aluminum alloy

The microstructure of the as-cast 2D70 aluminum alloy and its evolution during homogenization were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicate that the microstructure of the as-cast 2D70 aluminum alloy mainly consists of the dendritic network of aluminum solid solution and intermetallic compounds (Al₂CuMg, Al₂Cu, Al₉FeNi, Cu₂FeAl₇, and Al₇Cu₄Ni). After conventional homogenization, Al/Al₂CuMg eutectic phases are dissolved into the matrix, and a small amount of high melting-point eutectic Al/Al₂Cu phases exist in the matrix, resulting in an increase in the starting melting temperature. Under double homogenization, the high melting point Al/Al₂Cu phases are dissolved, and no obvious change is observed for the size and morphology of Al₉FeNi, Cu₂FeAl₇, and Al₇CuaNi compounds.     

半固态等温热处理对7075合金组织的影响

研究了半固态等温热处理过程中,7075合金由枝晶组织转变为非枝晶组织的演变机理,并对比了半固态组织和铸态组织相组成的区别.结果表明,非枝晶组织的形成经过分枝特征的消失、晶界的平直化、晶界的弧状化与晶粒的长大3个阶段.其中,分枝特征的消失是由于位于二次枝晶臂的低熔点相熔化:部分液相团聚被包裹于固相颗粒内部;部分由枝晶通道流动至晶界处;另一部分液相与枝晶网格的边界处液相汇合,包裹着小固相颗粒.7075铸态枝晶组织与半固态组织的组成相相同,都是由α-Al,η(MgZn₂)和θ(Al₂Cu)组成.     

Rapid cooling effect during solidification on macro-and micro-segregation of as-cast Mg–Gd alloy

The high performance of as-cast Mg-RE alloys is always related to their high RE additions.However,RE elements can be readily segregated in Mg alloys and the segregation becomes more significant with the increasing RE content.In this research,the effect of cooling rate on the macro-and micro-segregation in the as-cast Mg-8 Gd alloy was studied.The Gd content at the bottom of the fabricated ingot with the cooling rate of 4.6-6.9℃/s was～1.7 times of that at the top and coarse eutectics as well as some non-equilibrium phases of α-Gd,MgGd,Mg_2 Gd were distributed along the grain boundaries.The formation mechanisms of the specific gravity segregation and grain boundary segregation were also proposed.Upon the application of the water-cooled copper mold with the cooling rate of 27-200℃/s,only fine Mg5 Gd and some nanoscale metastable β_1 and β' phases were found to disperse uniformly in the grain interior,thus the homogeneity of the composition,microstructure,and performance within the whole ingot was considerably improved.It is expected that these results will facilitate the processing design for the fabrication of the highly-homogenized Mg-RE alloy castings.     

Structure and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Fe alloys

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Al–Cu–Fe alloys with the atomic compositions of Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15),Al_(78)Cu_7Fe_(15)and Al_(80)Cu_5Fe_(14)Si_1have been studied.The alloys were produced by induction melting of pure elements with copper mold casting.The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The formation of quasicrystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe alloys was confirmed.The presence of intermetallic phases was observed in the alloys after crystallization in a form of ingots and plates.The electrochemical measurements were conducted in 3.5%NaCl solution.The electronic structure of the alloys was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The post corrosion surface of the samples was checked using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energydispersive X-ray detector.It was observed that the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy had the highest corrosion resistance.The improved corrosion resistance parameters were noted for the plate samples rather than those in the as-cast state.And the hardness of the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy was significantly higher than the other alloy samples.     

稀土Ho对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

[目的]为了提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的综合性能,研究了稀土钬(Ho)对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。[方法]采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察、能谱仪和拉伸试验等方法对稀土钬(Ho)改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。[结果]加入Ho能够细化基体组织、净化晶界,使呈网状连续分布的晶界变为断续的岛状和鱼骨状;当稀土Ho的含量为0.5%时,晶粒达到最小最细状态,且合金熔铸缺陷明显减少,合金的抗拉强度为244 MPa,伸长率为2.92%,韧性达到最大值;随着Ho含量的增加,合金中生成了一种新相Al_3Ho,该相较软,析出在晶界,从而降低了合金的硬度。[结论]加入适量稀土元素Ho可以有效细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的组织,显著提高合金的塑性及韧性,但硬度下降。