铸态Mg-5.0Y-3.0Nd-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能研究

对Mg-5.OY-3.ONd-0.5Zr镬合金进行熔铸和不同温度的均匀化退火.测试该合金的室温拉伸力学性能.并采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等方法观察铸态和均匀化退火态组织.结果表明,添加稀土元素能使镁合金的铸态组织得到细化,Nd和Y分别以Mg41 Nd5和Mg24 Y化合物形式存在,均匀化退火后,试验合金抗拉强度和伸长率得到提高.其中450℃的均匀化退火效果最好,合金的抗拉强度比铸态时的提高了18.6%,塑性提高了3.5%.     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

先进高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金凝固和均匀化组织及相构成

采用热力学计算与实验相结合的方法,研究了两种高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态及均匀化态的显微组织和相构成.铸态A合金主要由Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相和少量Al2Cu相组成,而铸态B合金仅含Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相.热力学计算显示,A和B两种合金的实际凝固过程介于Lever Rule和Scheil Model两种模拟结果之间,由于合金成分不同而导致的铸态A和B合金中各相含量差异与Scheil Model模拟所得到的各相摩尔分数变化规律基本一致.经常规工业均匀化处理(460℃保温24 h),铸态A和B合金中存在的Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2或Al2Cu相均能充分回溶,并得到单相α(Al)基体,这与热力学计算所得到的AlZn-Mg-Cu四元系统在7.5%Zn条件下460℃等温相图相符合.     

Mg-3Al-1Zn-(0~0.5)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

为系统研究微量Sr对铸态AZ31镁合金组织中第二相的影响,且为含Sr的Mg-Al-Zn系合金设计提供理论基础,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对Sr含量为0~0.5(质量分数,%,下同)AZ31镁合金铸态组织中的第二相的类型及形成原因进行了分析。结果表明：铸态AZ31合金中除了Mg17Al12相以外,还存在少量的小块状Mg21(Zn,Al)17相。添加Sr含量为0.1的AZ31合金中存在Mg17Al12、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Al4Sr相,添加Sr含量为0.3的合金组织中能观察到Al4Sr、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Mg17Al12相,而在添加Sr含量为0.5的合金中仅能观察到Al4Sr和Mg21(Zn,Al)17相,Mg17Al12相的形成受到抑制。此外,层片状共晶Al4Sr相的数量在质量分数为0.3~0.5的区间随着Sr含量的增加显著增多。     

固溶处理对Mg-6Al-5Pb-1Zn-0.3Mn阳极组织和性能的影响

为了改善铸态Mg-6Al-5Pb-1Zn-0.3Mn(质量分数,%)阳极的加工性能,对其进行固溶退火处理。采用浸泡法、恒电流和动电位极化扫描法及电化学阻抗法,研究不同固溶时间对其在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl中自腐蚀和电化学行为的影响;采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对其显微组织和腐蚀形貌进行观察。研究结果表明:经400℃固溶24h,粗大的β-Mg17Al12相完全回溶于基体中,枝晶偏析基本消除;与铸态合金相比,晶界附近富Al区的消失使得固溶态合金耐蚀性能降低,晶体缺陷的减少使得放电性能变差;随着固溶时间延长,阴极β-Mg17Al12相的减少使得合金耐蚀性能提高,合金元素固溶度的增大使得合金放电性能提高;在放电过程中,放电产物层不断脱落,维持了镁合金阳极的放电活性。     

球磨Mg17Al12纳米晶/非晶合金的微结构和储氢性能

采用镁粉和铝粉为原料,通过高能球磨方法制备了Mg17Al12纳米晶/非晶储氢合金,系统研究了球磨时间对合金微结构和储氢性能的影响.结果表明:球磨时间对Mg17Al12合金的微结构和储氢性能有显著影响,随着球磨时间t从10 h延长到100 h,合金发生从晶态(t≤50 h)到纳米晶态(t=70 h)再到非晶态(t=100 h)的结构转变;样品的平均颗粒尺寸随着球磨时间的增加先减小后增大;球磨时间为30、70和100 h后的Mg17Al12合金在350℃时的最大储氢量(氢的质量分数)分别为4.03%、4.27%和4.18%,而相同条件下铸态Mg17Al12合金的最大储氢量只有2.85%;球磨时间为70 h的Mg17Al12纳米晶合金在200、280和320℃的储氢量分别为1.07%、3.02%和4.07%;球磨时间为100 h的Mg17Al12非晶合金在200℃时30 min内的吸氢量(氢的质量分数)可达到2.84%,分别为相同条件下纳米晶合金和铸态合金的2.7倍和5.1倍.     

长周期堆垛有序结构强化Mg-Zn-Y合金的组织与性能

为研究长周期堆垛有序( LPSO)结构对Mg-Zn-Y变形镁合金组织与性能的影响,通过铸造和热挤压工艺制备了Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及电子万能试验机等研究了2种合金在铸态、退火态以及挤压态下的显微组织和力学性能.研究结果表明,Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金的铸态组织均由α-Mg和18R型LPSO相构成,LP-SO相连接成网状分布在晶界.经500℃退火36 h后,Mg97 Zn1 Y2合金中部分块状LPSO相分解为细层片状,结构由18R转变为14H,但在Mg94Zn2Y4合金中未观察到LPSO相结构类型的转变.通过挤压变形,LPSO相沿挤压方向排列,合金强度得到大幅度提高,Mg97Zn1Y2和Mg94Zn2Y4合金的抗拉强度分别达到319和390 MPa.     

Cu-Fe-P-Zn合金铸态及均匀化组织

采用大气熔炼的方法制备3种成分的Cu-Fe-P-Zn合金,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等测试手段对合金的铸态组织及成分偏析进行了研究.结果表明:Cu-2.3Fe-0.03P-0.12Zn合金合适的均匀化处理制度为960℃保温6h.Cu-2.3Fe-(0.4～0.6)P-0.12Zn合金的铸态组织除存在明显的枝晶外,还有大量未溶解的富Fe和P的Fe2P和Fe3P相,最大粒径可达15μm.随着P含量的增加,未溶相也逐渐增多.经过960℃均匀化退火处理后,各合金的枝晶组织可基本消除,但Cu-2.3Fe-(0.4～0.6)P-0.12Zn合金的未溶相熔点高,很难通过均匀化退火来消除.模拟得到铜铁合金的均匀化动力学计算公式为:1/T=3.835×10-5 ln(1.2×10-3 t/L2).     

Al,Ca元素对镁合金显微组织及蠕变性能的影响

研究了不同含量Al,Ca元素对镁合金显微组织及蠕变性能的影响.能谱分析(XEDS)、金相显微镜(OM)及扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,Al是镁合金中β相的组成元素,镁合金中晶界处β相Mg17Al12随Al含量的增加而增加,呈网状分布的Mg17Al12相分布越均匀加入碱土元素Ca后Mg17Al12转化为Al2Ca,强化相颗粒Al2Ca有效地阻滞了位错沿晶界的攀移和滑移,提高了镁合金的高温抗蠕变性能.     

预冷等温球化退火工艺对Cr12型模具钢组织性能的影响

通过对Cr12型模具钢常规球化退火工艺的改进,得到了预冷等温球化退火新工艺。并对不同球化温度、不同退火保温时间对钢组织性能的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:改进的预冷等温球化退火新工艺合理可行,可获得硬度低于200HB、碳化物颗粒均匀细小的球化效果。球化温度和退火保温时间对组织性能均有一定影响。Cr12型模具钢理想的球化退火工艺为:球化温度940℃,保温至透烧,出炉油冷到400℃,进行730℃等温退火处理,冷却速度为<30℃/h至200℃出炉。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.