一种新的基于UMTS和WLAN的自适应垂直切换算法

针对异构网络的特性和用户无缝连接的需求,研究了UMTS和WLAN融合架构下移动终端移入WLAN时的切换必要性和移出WLAN时切换时刻的合理性.在此基础上,综合考虑终端和网络的上下文环境,利用概率理论提出了一种新的基于补偿时间的自适应垂直切换算法.仿真结果表明:与两种切换算法相比,该算法能更加准确合理地进行切换判决,有效降低乒乓效应和切换中断概率,提升了切换效能.     

异构网络垂直切换性能参数分析及算法研究

以蜂窝网与无线局域网(WLAN)融合为例,研究异构网络之间的垂直切换算法.对影响切换算法性能的各网络端及用户端参数进行了分析研究,包括参数的定义、在不同接入网中的取值范围、参数之间的关系及参数的归一化等.针对参数对切换算法及系统性能的影响,进行了参数分类,将参数分为切换先决条件、切换判决条件及切换辅助条件,并根据参数分类提出了新的垂直切换算法.该算法采用可变权值,即算法中各性能参数的权值依据用户业务特性,移动模型及用户对各网络的喜好等因素进行动态调整.与目前固定权值的垂直切换算法相比.提出的算法考虑了不同用户特性及QoS需求,可提高用户满意度及网络整体性能.     

一种无线异构网络的垂直切换算法

针对移动台在异构网络之间切换性能不理想的问题,提出基于通用移动通信系统(UMTS)和无线局域网(WLAN)构建的具有接入控制单元(ACU)的异构网络模型.采用描述网络性能和服务质量的代价函数选择首选网络;利用一种基于信号强度累积量和距离准则的联合优化策略进行垂直切换判决,进一步对该方案进行切换率和丢包率的分析.仿真结果表明,该算法可以在维持较小丢包率的情况下,有效地减少切换次数,消除“乒乓效应”,改善切换呼叫阻塞率,取得较好的切换性能.     

模糊控制系统的垂直切换判决算法分析

针对模糊控制系统中切换时延较长和切换次数较多的问题,研究了一种基于模糊控制系统的垂直切换判决算法。在基于信号强度判决时将RSS作为门限值,提高系统判决能力;同时,将网络参数和服务类型作为判决因素,结合层次分析法引入并行的模糊控制系统,缩短了切换判决的时间、选择适合用户的最佳网络,做出垂直切换。仿真结果表明,该算法减少了切换次数,降低了切换时延,增强了系统的性能。与传统的切换算法相比较,该算法对切换的判决因素考虑的更全面,兼顾了用户终端的使用环境及成本问题,有效地保证了网络的服务质量。     

异构网络垂直切换性能参数分析及算法研究

以蜂窝网与无线局域网(WLAN)融合为例,研究异构网络之间的垂直切换算法。对影响切换算法性能的各网络端及用户端参数进行了分析研究,包括参数的定义、在不同接入网中的取值范围、参数之间的关系及参数的归一化等。针对参数对切换算法及系统性能的影响,进行了参数分类,将参数分为切换先决条件、切换判决条件及切换辅助条件,并根据参数分类提出了新的垂直切换算法。该算法采用可变权值,即算法中各性能参数的权值依据用户业务特性,移动模型及用户对各网络的喜好等因素进行动态调整。与目前固定权值的垂直切换算法相比,提出的算法考虑了不同用户特性及QoS需求,可提高用户满意度及网络整体性能。     

一种新的异构无线接入网垂直切换方法

为了提高异构无线网络中垂直切换的准确度、减少连接掉线,提出了一种新的垂直切换方法.该方法改进了基于RSS的切换触发机制,并且采用基于模糊逻辑的归一化量化决策算法,从可用的接入网中选择最优的切换目标网络.为验证方法的可行性,采用由UMTS和WLAN构成的仿真场景.仿真结果表明,提出的方法通过平衡用户的偏好、网络状态和系统性能,有效地选择了最优的网络;同时,在垂直切换次数和切换掉话率方面优于其他方法.     

异构无线网络垂直切换及相对系统容量概述

一个典型的异构无线网络是3G网络与无线局域网（WLAN）融合的网络。其中垂直切换和系统容量是两个非常重要的概念。本文第一部分引入了异构无线网络垂直切换的策略,并简单讨论了其中的一些细节;第二部分为在垂直下行切换中的WLAN提出了一种多业务环境下的容量分析方法,分析了资源占用和频谱之间的关系。     

基于自适应的多属性垂直切换算法

3G网络和无线局域网融合是下一代移动通信的发展趋势, 在两种异构网络之间实现智能切换是融合网络的关键技术. 针对多属性垂直算法的分析, 提出了一种自适应的多属性垂直切换算法. 该算法根据请求业务的不同特性和当前网络状态动态调整层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)的参数, 从而使得切换算法具有较低的阻塞率和时延, 以及较高的带宽使用率. 最后对该算法进行了性能仿真, 验证了其有效性.     

UMTS与WLAN网络间垂直切换延迟研究

研究了通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunications,UMTS)/无线局域网络(Wieless Local Areia Networks,WLAN)网络间分别基于多信息平台(Multi Information Platform,MIP)、知网空间(mSCTP)、移动应用层控制协议(SIP)三种协议进行垂直切换的方法。分析三种垂直切换方法所产生的延迟,特别是由于切换控制信令在无线链路中传输所造成的无线传输延迟。藉此提出垂直切换的改进方案。通过降低无线传输延迟来降低切换延迟,达到提高切换质量的目的。     

异构网络中基于门限和AHP的TOPSIS垂直切换算法

为提高异构网络系统吞吐量,减少乒乓效应,提出一种基于门限和层次分析法的切换算法(different threshold and AHP based TOPSIS vertical handoff algorithm,DTAT).DTAT算法考虑异构网络中的切换触发与切换判决两个方面.用户获得当前网络和目标网络的SINR(信干噪比)差值,根据该信干噪比差值与设定的切换触发门限的比较结果进行切换触发;利用层次分析法中的特征向量法来决定各个属性之间的权重关系,根据属性矩阵和权重向量,利用逼近理想值的排序方法(TOPSIS)得到用户当前网络与目标网络的判决值,选取最佳网络.仿真结果表明,DTAT算法能够根据各业务特点综合考虑各属性间关系,从而提高垂直切换的性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-