杆状病毒SpltMNPV病毒粒子中存在泛素复合物

通过间接免疫荧光分析,发现在斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus,Splt MNPV)感染的Sl-zsu-1细胞的细胞质中存在大量的泛素或泛素复合物.Western印迹分析表明,在SpltMNPV多角体源病毒粒子与芽生型病毒粒子中均存在相对分子质量为30×103～65×103的泛素复合物.推测SpltMNPV在出芽或组装的过程中由感染细胞的胞质中获得泛素复合物.     

西昌杂毛虫多角体病毒的分离和形态研究

1981年从罹病的西昌杂毛虫(Cyclophragma xichangensis)幼虫体中,分离到一种包涵体病毒。多角体直径为1.895±0.805μm,病毒束直径为146±37nm。病毒束内有1～10个核衣壳。包埋在多角体内带囊膜的病毒粒子杆状,大小为74±10×275±25nm,经弱减处理而游离的病毒粒子杆状,大小为56.3±3.7×465±34.5nm。游离病毒粒子仅及包埋在多角体蛋白质晶格中病毒粒子的71％,据此认为,观测多角体超薄切片中病毒粒子比观测游离病毒粒子更接近其真实形态大小。西昌杂毛虫多角体病毒,为我国首次发现,国外未见报道。     

柳天蚕蛾多粒包埋核型多角体病毒的研究

本文报道柳天蚕蛾多粒包埋核型多角体病毒的分离,形态特征,组织病理及其生物活性研究。1985年10月从昆明大观楼柳树上采集的柳天蚕蛾自然罹病幼虫体中分离到一种多粒包埋(MEV)核型多角体病毒(NPV)。多角体呈不规则的多角形,大小不等,直径约为2.013±0.138μm。多角体在宿主细胞核内形成。病毒粒子在多角体内除少数为单粒包埋外,多数以2～15个核衣壳包埋成束,病毒束直径约为271.43±121.43nm,经弱碱处理而游离的病毒核衣壳杆状,微弯曲,两端钝圆,大小为433.34±33.34×77.5nm。属杆状病毒科(Baculoviridae),杆状病毒属(Entomopoxvirus),A亚群(Subgroup A)一种。缩写AsMNPV。用2-2000PIB/ml AsMNPV感染柳天蚕蛾3龄单个幼虫,7天后死亡率为28.2～98.0％,LC_(50)为6.82PIB/ml。用9.6-9.6×10~7PIB/ml感3龄群体幼虫,7天后死亡率为29.52～100％,LC_(50)为7.0896×10~1PIB/ml。用9.6×10~7PIB/ml分别感染1～4龄幼虫,9天后备龄幼虫死亡率分别为97％、95％、90％和70％。生物测定结果表明AsMNPV对柳天蚕蛾幼虫有很高的致死率,其幼虫对AsMNPV的敏感性,随虫龄的增大而递减。     

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒日本株(C3)p10基因的克隆及序列分析

从斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Spodoptera litura mukieapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus，Splt MNPV)日本株(C3)基因组中克隆了p10基因．核苷酸序列分析表明，该克隆片断涵盖了318bp的读码框及5’端启动子区191bp和3’端终止区62bp的序列．在起始密码子ATG上游-63～-59bp处有一杆状病毒晚期和晚晚期启动子基序TAAG．联配分析表明，Splt MNPV日本株(C3)的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列与其它9种核多角体病毒的同源性有较大差异．以p10基因为基础绘制的杆状病毒分子进化树将家蚕核多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nuchopolyhedrovirus，BmNPV)与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multicapcid nucleopolyhedrovirus，AcMNPV)归到同一分枝，这与以gp37基因和egt基因为基础绘制的杆状病毒分子进化树结果一致．     

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒感染甜菜夜蛾细胞的研究

 研究发现斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltNPV）不能成功感染同属甜菜夜蛾（S. exigua,Se）昆虫,为深入研究SpltNPV在离体Se301细胞中的感染进程以及病毒感染失败的原因,对感染后Se301细胞进行DNA复制、病毒基因转录以及病毒蛋白表达等检测。结果显示被感染的Se301细胞中病毒完成了DNA的复制和病毒早、晚期基因转录,但检测不到极晚期基因多角体基因（polyhedrin）的表达,病毒的蛋白表达受阻从而影响了病毒完成复制周期。 研究发现病毒蛋白表达受阻是SpltNPV在Se301细胞中无法形成子代病毒,完成整个病毒复制的主要原因,这为深入研究其感染失败机理奠定了坚实基础。     

0银纹夜蛾多角体的诱发及分离

报道了对银纹夜蛾进行温度、紫外线照射、微生物处理，以诱发银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒。经分离、提取、光镜、电镜及染色观察，可见到有多角体被诱发生产，初步鉴定该角体为核型多角体。实验发现后者对害虫有致死作用。     

绿尾大蚕蛾核型多角体病毒DNA抽提与鉴定

绿尾大蚕蛾(Actias selene ningPoana Felder)核型多角体病毒DNA(As NPV DNA),用酚-SDS法从病毒粒子中抽提。紫外吸收光谱测定最高和最低吸收值分别在258nm和232nm处。在0.7％琼脂糖凝胶电泳中,NPV DNA呈均一片段,经测定其T_m值为86℃,G C含量为41％。抽提的DNA经注射寄主幼虫,有一定的感染活性,感病虫表现核多角体病的典型症状。     

银纹夜蛾多角体的诱发及分离

报道了对银纹夜蛾进行温度、紫外线照射、微生物（苏云金杆菌）处理，以诱发银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒。经分离、提取、光镜、电镜及染色观察，可见到有多角体被诱发产生，初步鉴定该多角体为核型多角体。实验发现后者对害虫有致死作用。     

新基因Splt137在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗体制备

用PCR的方法扩增得到斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒 (SpltMNPV)ORF137全长基因 (Splt137)。将其克隆到原核表达载体pQE30上 ,并转化大肠杆菌M15 ,在IPTG诱导下表达了与预期相对分子质量相符的一个 2 7× 10 7的蛋白质 ,经过聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳纯化 ,免疫家兔制备了抗Splt137抗体。Western免疫印迹分析表明 ,该抗体适合用作Splt137蛋白的进一步分析。     

斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)NPV多角体蛋白的微量免疫测定的研究

用差速离心和庶糖梯度超速离心方法,分离提纯斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒,碱解后经超速离心提取多角体蛋白,用以免疫家兔,采用对流免疫电泳和ELISA方法检测定量多角体中的多角体蛋白,结果表明:用对流免疫电泳方法检测的最低灵敏度是0.025mg多角体/ml,而用ELISA方法则可以测出10ng多角体/ml,其光吸收值(OD_(490))与多角体的浓度(mg/ml)的负对数值之间呈明显直线关系。回归方程为y=1.5335-0.2342x。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-