一维含杂质Ginzburg-Landau超导模型非平凡解的存在性与杂质厚度之间的关系

确定了当导体材料长度不大于超导体材料长度时,一维含杂质Ginzburg-Landau超导模型在充分小的外加磁场下,总存在非平凡解.当导体长度大于超导体长度时,证明了存在一个临界值,当Ginzburg-Landau参数大于该临界值时,在充分小的外加磁场下,该模型总存在非平凡解;而当Ginzburg-Landau参数不大于该临界值时,在任意的外加磁场下,该模型只有平凡解.     

恒定磁场下的磁性液滴变形数值模拟

采用商业数值软件Fluent模拟研究磁液滴在恒定磁场中的运动变形情况.模拟考查磁液滴在空气中处于悬浮状态时,受到水平方向的恒磁场作用,进而发生运动变形行为.研究结果表明:磁通密度越大,对液滴造成的影响越大,液滴更加容易发生移动变形行为;另外,磁液滴尺寸越大,越容易受到磁场的影响发生变形;磁液滴发生变形存在最低磁通密度,即临界磁通密度,该参数随液滴直径的增加而减少;当液滴尺寸无限小,无论施加何种强度的磁通密度均无法实现液滴的变形;当液滴直径达到5.4 mm以上时,即便不存在磁场作用,在无外界能量维系的前提下,液滴本身也会发生变形,无法保持液滴球形的完整性.     

双偶氮苯掺杂液晶在磁场下的Freedericksz转变

发现掺有机杂质(双偶氮苯)的沿面排列丝状液晶与纯液晶相比,会显著减低在静磁场下发生Freedericksz转变的阈值.而传统的方法则是通过掺入微细的铁粉来降低阈值.这一新现象主要是由于双偶氮苯具有较强的磁化率各向异性,从而导致掺杂液晶的有效磁化率各向异性增大.理论推导的双偶氮苯磁化率各向异性常数要比纯5CB大2个数量级.Freedericksz转变阈值的减低对研究磁场下的非线性光学效应有重大的意义.     

二量子比特海森堡XYZ链中的热纠缠

通过分析外磁场、温度、自旋粒子间耦合系数、非对称系数对系统纠缠的影响，研究了均匀磁场中二量子比特海森堡XYZ链中的热纠缠现象．结果表明，系统的基态纠缠随着外磁场B值的增加，保持一段恒定且最大值后，在一个临界点Bc突然下降．耦合系数Z值的增加可以使纠缠无论是在温度方向还是在磁场方向都能扩展．在一定温度条件下，增加非对称系数γ值可以使纠缠在超越临界磁场Bc后的复苏值和范围都增加．这些结果为用磁场、自旋粒子问耦合系数、非对称系数来操纵系统纠缠提供了理论依据．     

Thermal stability conditions of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field

On the basis of the results derived from pseudopotential method and ensemble theory, thermal stability of a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field are studied by using analytical method of thermodynamics. The exact analytical expressions of stability conditions at different temperatures are given, and the effects of interactions as well as magnetic field on stability of the system are discussed. It is shown that there is an upper-limit magnetic field for the stability of the system at low temperatures and there is an attractive dividing value at high temperatures. If attractive interaction is lower than the critical value, the stability of the system has no request for magnetic field, but if attractive interaction is higher than the dividing value, a lower-limit magnetic field exists for the stability of the system.     

层状超导体中单个磁通线的磁场分布

本文从Ｌａｗｒｅｎｃｅ－Ｄｏｎｉａｃｈ方程出发，计算了层状超导体在外加垂直磁场下单个磁通线的磁场分布及下临界场，结果表明在此条件下相对均匀情形的偏离不大．     

多参数耦合作用输流纳米管的振动分析

基于非局部Euler-Bernoulli梁模型,考虑外加纵向磁场及Pasternak弹性基体,应用哈密顿原理建立了纵向磁场作用下嵌入弹性基体中的简支输流单层碳纳米管(SWCNT)系统振动微分方程及其边界条件。应用微分变换法(DTM)求解上述微分方程,着重研究磁场强度、Pasternak弹性基体的弹性参数与剪切参数以及纳米管小尺度系数对系统临界失稳流速的影响及各参数耦合作用时参数间的相互影响。数值计算结果表明:磁场强度与弹性基体增强系统刚度,提高系统稳定性,但二者耦合作用时对系统刚度的影响表现出“此长彼消”的特点。小尺度效应降低系统刚度,相比磁场对刚度的影响,磁场的影响更为显著。小尺度效应与弹性基体的相互影响则表现出较为复杂的特点。     

二模外场下键稀疏铁磁混合Blume-Capel模型的磁化

利用有效场理论和切断近似,研究简立方格子在二模外场作用下键稀疏铁磁混合自旋1／2和1的Blume-Capel模型的磁化．在M-T空间中,重入磁化现象出现在适当的晶场范围内,键稀疏的引入可在两个不同的晶场区出现重入磁化．在M-H空间中,磁化趋于零时临界磁场在整个晶场范围内表现出振荡行为．而键稀疏对这种行为有弱化作用,并导致磁有序区减小．     

外场中超导体/半导体/超导体结的直流Josephson电流

当外加磁场时,超导体/半导体/超导体结的临界电流受外加磁场的影响.超导结的临界电流与磁场的曲线非常类似于单色光在单狭缝衍射的夫琅和费图样.在未考虑外加磁场的超导体/半导体/超导体结的临界电流的基础上,进一步对外加磁场的情形进行了研究.     

Convective-region geometry as the cause of Uranus' and Neptune's unusual magnetic fields

The discovery of Uranus' and Neptune's non-dipolar, non-axisymmetric magnetic fields destroyed the picture--established by Earth, Jupiter and Saturn--that planetary magnetic fields are dominated by axial dipoles. Although various explanations for these unusual fields have been proposed, the cause of such field morphologies remains unexplained. Planetary magnetic fields are generated by complex fluid motions in electrically conducting regions of the planets (a process known as dynamo action), and so are intimately linked to the structure and evolution of planetary interiors. Determining why Uranus and Neptune have different field morphologies is not only critical for studying the interiors of these planets, but also essential for understanding the dynamics of magnetic-field generation in all planets. Here we present three-dimensional numerical dynamo simulations that model the dynamo source region as a convecting thin shell surrounding a stably stratified fluid interior. We show that this convective-region geometry produces magnetic fields similar in morphology to those of Uranus and Neptune. The fields are non-dipolar and non-axisymmetric, and result from a combination of the stable fluid's response to electromagnetic stress and the small length scales imposed by the thin shell.     

磁场中的Benard不稳定性

对处在磁场中的薄层流体在Boussinesq近似下,用线性稳定性分析的方法,讨论了磁场中临界Rayleigh数R_c的影响。用简捷的方法给出了弱磁场情况下的临界Ratleigh数R_c与流体所在磁场强度H_o的函数关系。从而证明了磁场对流体的致稳效应。     

微波辐照下DSC系统的临界磁场

在ＧＬ理论基础上,考虑Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ电流,给出ＤＳＣ系统在微波辐照下的Ｇｉｂｂｓ函数,并得出临界磁场与绝缘层的厚度、相干长度的关系     

磁流体发电机的电流饱和现象研究

磁流体发电是一种高效,低污染的发电技术,同时也是一种较为复杂的技术。文中提出了以法拉第电场输出电功率的磁流体发电机中电流在一定磁场范围内会产生饱和现象,这就是影响其性能的一个新因素,解释了其产生的原因,提出了临界磁场理论,并推导了相应的临界磁场的普适方程式。饱和现象及临界磁场的提出,给研究磁流体发电机的工作人员在研究通道性能问题上提供了新的思路,尤其是在超导磁体在磁流体发电机上的应用问题上的研究。     

海森伯格XXZ模型在不均匀磁场下的负值度

利用负值度(Negativity)研究了两量子比特各向异性海森伯格XXZ模型在外加不均匀磁场下的热纠缠.耦合系数越大,系统的纠缠度越大,临界温度越高.磁场越大,临界磁场越高,但系统的最大纠缠度却降低,且负值度随的绝对值的增大而减小.     

用镜象法计算超导发电机的三维磁场和参数

本文提出用镜象法计算超导交流发电机的三维磁场和参数。导磁和导电边界对磁场的影响用相应的镜象电流的作用来代替。电机的有限长度及环境屏的阶梯形或圆锥形端部使端部磁场逐渐减弱,它可以通过使端部区域的镜象电流沿着某个锥形面逐渐向外倾斜来进行处理,调节锥形面的锥角以及锥面起始端和末端在轴线上的位置,使端部磁场的边界条件得到较好的满足,从而提高了磁场和参数计算的精确度。     

铁磁介质间超导直杆的稳定性

基于直杆弯曲的电磁力－变形耦合的数学模型，分析了两铁磁介质间超导直杆的自场稳定性，利用分离变量法和有限元方法，计算了初始磁场和挠动磁场，得到了超导直杆的临界电流，可以看到，由于耦合效应，单元性质较为复杂。     

载流疏绕有限长螺线管内轴线上的磁场

讨论了有限长载流疏绕螺线管内轴线上的磁场,并与载流密绕螺线管内轴线上的磁场作了比较．用此分析方法可以求得较完整的载流螺线管内的磁场分布．     

Addition of nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor

Following the discovery of type-II high-temperature superconductors in 1986 (refs 1, 2), work has proceeded to develop these materials for power applications. One of the problems, however, has been that magnetic flux is not completely expelled, but rather is contained within magnetic fluxons, whose motion prevents larger supercurrents. It is known that the critical current of these materials can be enhanced by incorporating a high density of extended defects to act as pinning centres for the fluxons. YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO or 123) is the most promising material for such applications at higher temperatures (liquid nitrogen). Pinning is optimized when the size of the defects approaches the superconducting coherence length ( approximately 2-4 nm for YBCO at temperatures < or =77 K) and when the areal number density of defects is of the order of (H/2) x 10(11) cm(-2), where H is the applied magnetic field in tesla. Such a high density has been difficult to achieve by material-processing methods that maintain a nanosize defect, except through irradiation. Here we report a method for achieving a dispersion of approximately 8-nm-sized nanoparticles in YBCO with a high number density, which increases the critical current (at 77 K) by a factor of two to three for high magnetic fields.