均匀重力场中弱相互作用费米气体的稳定条件

在局域密度近似(LDA)的框架内得到重力场中弱相互作用费米气体的总能,在此基础上,研究了不同温度情况下的稳定性条件,并给出了稳定性条件的解析表达式,结果表明:理想的和存在排斥作用的系统总是稳定的,而对于弱吸引相互作用的费米气体,在较低温度下,临界散射长度与粒子数密度有直接的关系,但在较高温度下,临界散射长度与粒子数密度没有直接的关系.     

量子阱内磁极化子自陷能的温度关系

采用推广的Larsen微扰理论,在有限温度情况下,对量子阱内的电子体LO声子耦合系统进行研究,得到了磁极化子自陷能的解析表达式,并以GaAs量子阱为例,进行数值计算.结果表明,磁极化子自陷能随阱宽的增大而增大;随温度的变化受磁场的影响特别显著,“低磁场”时,磁极化子自陷能随温度升高而变大;“高磁场”时,却随温度的升高而变小     

基于磁势矢模型的电磁直线驱动装置解析建模

针对目前有限元法求解电磁直线驱动装置稳态电磁特性时运算周期长、计算效率较低的问题,提出研究此类驱动装置的解析建模方法。以直驱式自动变速器用动圈式电磁直线驱动装置为例,建立了驱动装置磁场泊松方程,引入磁势矢模型推导了磁场分布方程,并结合边界条件得到了径向气隙磁通密度及电磁力表达式,以此获悉驱动装置稳态电磁特性。结果表明,解析模型与有限元模型的求解误差最小为0.6%,最大为6.6%,与试验误差不超过2.5%,有限元及试验均验证了模型的正确性与精确性。所提方法在确保求解精度的前提下求解过程简单且通用性好,为实现电磁直线驱动装置的模块化设计和无位移传感器控制提供了理论参考,对丰富和发展全电集成动力系统控制方法有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

求解电磁波在层状有耗介质中反射和透射的精细积分方法

层状体系分界面处,电场与磁场的水平分量连续,为了便于匹配分界面处的边界条件,将频域麦克斯韦方程化为只含有电场与磁场水平分量的一阶常微分方程形式.采用基于两端边值问题的精细积分方法,分析了电磁波在层状有耗介质中的反射与透射问题.把控制方程按边值问题求解,可以避免在运算过程中出现指数矩阵相乘的大数溢出问题.将数值计算结果与广义传播矩阵方法加以对比,结果显示,精细积分方法具有更好的精度和数值稳定性.     

Dynamic self-assembly of magnetized, millimetre-sized objects rotating at a liquid-air interface

Spontaneous pattern formation by self-assembly is of long-standing and continuing interest not only for its aesthetic appeal, but also for its fundamental and technological relevance. So far, the study of self-organization processes has mainly focused on static structures, but dynamic systems--those that develop order only when dissipating energy--are of particular interest for studying complex behaviour. Here we describe the formation of dynamic patterns of millimetre-sized magnetic disks at a liquid-air interface, subject to a magnetic field produced by a rotating permanent magnet. The disks spin around their axes with angular frequency equal to that of the magnet, and are attracted towards its axis of rotation while repelling each other. This repulsive hydrodynamic interaction is due to fluid motion associated with spinning; the interplay between attractive and repulsive interactions leads to the formation of patterns exhibiting various types of ordering, some of which are entirely new. This versatile system should lead to a better understanding of dynamic self-assembly, while providing a test-bed for stability theories of interacting point vortices and vortex patches.     

Quantum oscillations in a molecular magnet

The term 'molecular magnet' generally refers to a molecular entity containing several magnetic ions whose coupled spins generate a collective spin, S (ref. 1). Such complex multi-spin systems provide attractive targets for the study of quantum effects at the mesoscopic scale. In these molecules, the large energy barriers between collective spin states can be crossed by thermal activation or quantum tunnelling, depending on the temperature or an applied magnetic field. There is the hope that these mesoscopic spin states can be harnessed for the realization of quantum bits--'qubits', the basic building blocks of a quantum computer--based on molecular magnets. But strong decoherence must be overcome if the envisaged applications are to become practical. Here we report the observation and analysis of Rabi oscillations (quantum oscillations resulting from the coherent absorption and emission of photons driven by an electromagnetic wave) of a molecular magnet in a hybrid system, in which discrete and well-separated magnetic clusters are embedded in a self-organized non-magnetic environment. Each cluster contains 15 antiferromagnetically coupled S = 1/2 spins, leading to an S = 1/2 collective ground state. When this system is placed into a resonant cavity, the microwave field induces oscillatory transitions between the ground and excited collective spin states, indicative of long-lived quantum coherence. The present observation of quantum oscillations suggests that low-dimension self-organized qubit networks having coherence times of the order of 100 micros (at liquid helium temperatures) are a realistic prospect.     

壳聚糖-Fe304超顺磁微球固定脂肪酶催化拆分（R，S）．1．苯乙醇

为将脂肪酶固定化,以提高酶的稳定性、使酶可以重复利用和降低生产成本,采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe,0。,以透射电镜、x-射线粉末衍射和红外光谱对所得产品进行表征,并且采用硅烷．戊二醛偶联法和壳聚糖包埋法分别将脂肪酶固定于磁球表面,再以生物拆分（R,s）一1一苯乙醇为模型考察了各种因素对转酯反应的影响。结果表明：化学共沉淀法制备Fe304为粒径小于20nm的磁性纳米粒子;壳聚糖包埋法操作简单、酶载量大;扫描电镜分析揭示固定酶的磁球表面含有大量微孔结构。在最佳条件下,1一苯乙醇的转化率达44．3％,对映体过量值eep为99％,酶的半衰期为121h。反应完成后,施加外磁场可使酶与反应体系迅速分离,固定化酶重复使用11次酶的活性没有明显减少,说明壳聚糖一Fe3O4超顺磁微球固定脂肪酶具有高的活性和稳定性。     

利用反常粘滞研究吸积盘的脉动不稳定性

从磁流体动力学方程组出发,用微扰法得出含反常粘滞、反常阻抗、环向磁场和垂向磁场的吸积盘的色散方程。在弱磁场情况下,数值计算结果表明盘内区存在1种不稳定的单调模式和3种稳定的单调模式,磁场对单调不稳定性表现为非稳因素。随着磁场的增强,单调模式消失,盘内出现4种轴对称振荡模式,其中两种振荡模式是脉动稳定的,环向磁场对其表现为非稳因素,垂向磁场对其表现为致稳因素;另两种振荡模式在波数比较小时是不稳定的,随着波数的增大,这两种模式也是脉动稳定的,环向磁场和垂向磁场分别对他们表现为致稳因素和非稳因素。     

Optical pumping of a single hole spin in a quantum dot

The spin of an electron is a natural two-level system for realizing a quantum bit in the solid state. For an electron trapped in a semiconductor quantum dot, strong quantum confinement highly suppresses the detrimental effect of phonon-related spin relaxation. However, this advantage is offset by the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin and the 10(4) to 10(6) spins of the host nuclei in the quantum dot. Random fluctuations in the nuclear spin ensemble lead to fast spin decoherence in about ten nanoseconds. Spin-echo techniques have been used to mitigate the hyperfine interaction, but completely cancelling the effect is more attractive. In principle, polarizing all the nuclear spins can achieve this but is very difficult to realize in practice. Exploring materials with zero-spin nuclei is another option, and carbon nanotubes, graphene quantum dots and silicon have been proposed. An alternative is to use a semiconductor hole. Unlike an electron, a valence hole in a quantum dot has an atomic p orbital which conveniently goes to zero at the location of all the nuclei, massively suppressing the interaction with the nuclear spins. Furthermore, in a quantum dot with strong strain and strong quantization, the heavy hole with spin-3/2 behaves as a spin-1/2 system and spin decoherence mechanisms are weak. We demonstrate here high fidelity (about 99 per cent) initialization of a single hole spin confined to a self-assembled quantum dot by optical pumping. Our scheme works even at zero magnetic field, demonstrating a negligible hole spin hyperfine interaction. We determine a hole spin relaxation time at low field of about one millisecond. These results suggest a route to the realization of solid-state quantum networks that can intra-convert the spin state with the polarization of a photon.     

平面点电荷体系的电场线模拟

由于获得平面内不共线的点电荷体系的电场线方程的解析式十分困难,用传统的解析法模拟平面内任意点电荷体系电场线有很大的局限性。文中结合电场方程和泰勒展开式,利用电场线的性质,提出一种新的方法来模拟点电荷体系的电场线,打破了解析法模拟电场线的局限性,适用于平面内任意分布的点电荷系统。首先对这种新的模拟方法进行了公式推导,然后给出了模拟算法,并用Mathematica对两种平面内的三点电荷体系的电场线进行了模拟。     

La_(5/8)Ca_(3/8)Mn_(1-x)Co_xO_3(x≤0.1)体系电阻率低温最小值现象的散射机制

主要研究了La5/8Ca3/8Mn1-xCoxO3(x≤0.1)体系的低温电输运特性.在全温区,电阻率随温度变化曲线出现双绝缘—金属转变峰现象;各样品均在25 K附近存在一个有趣的低温电阻最小值现象,外加磁场可使其向低温区移动并产生抑制作用.通过对La5/8Ca3/8Mn1-xCoxO3(x≤0.1)样品在25 K附近的电输运特性进行的拟合分析,表明存在着弹性和非弹性散射过程的竞争,可用库仑相互作用和非弹性电子散射解释.拟合参数值的变化表明来自电子—电子、电子—声子及电子—磁子散射的共同作用,且电子—电子相互作用随着Co掺杂量的增加而增强,这与样品在低温下存在的铁磁—反铁磁相互竞争产生的团簇玻璃态有关.随着Co掺杂量增大,FM团簇减少且自旋冻结,使载流子局域化增强而导致电阻率增大.证明了与磁场和温度有关的电子散射进程引起电子的局域化效应乃是导致体系输运行为发生变化的主要原因.     

一位量子逻辑门的物理实现

作者研究了自旋为1／2的粒子在随时间变化的磁场中的运动情况．该系统哈密顿量具有SU(2)代数结构．用代数动力学方法对此系统进行求解，得到了严格的解析解．基于严格解，就可构造一位量子逻辑门．通过调节磁场强度和频率，可以控制该量子逻辑门，实现一位量子逻辑门的任何操作．     

FeCr2S4样品的电磁特性

本文研究了FeCr2S4多晶样品的电磁特性，实验结果表明样品没有价态的变化，体系中不存在双交换作用，导电来源于Fe3d巡游电子，确证Tc以上的输运行为属于磁极化子导电，通过提出磁极化子逐步退局域的图像，同时考虑磁振子散射，解释了整个温区的电阻率行为，外加磁场有利于磁极化子的退局域，因此在Tc附近出现巨磁阻效应。     

丽江市人地关系类型划分

论文提出了丽江市人地关系综合评价指标体系,根据一定的划分原则,利用因子分析法和聚类分析法,将丽江市人地关系地域系统划分出10个类型,并对划分结果进行了讨论。     

用两比特海森堡XY模型实现量子稠密编码

文章主要研究在有限温度下,外加磁场和DM相互作用对两比特海森堡XY模型中实现量子稠密编码的影响。通过稠密编码的信道容量表达式分析了每个参数对稠密编码的影响并且发现平均耦合常数J-,DM相互作用和各向异性参数J＋对稠密编码起积极作用。均匀磁场B和非均匀磁场b对稠密编码起消极作用。     

基于有机分子亚铁磁体棱型自旋链外场下的热力学性质研究

基于近来有机高分子亚铁磁体在试验上成功的合成，本文采用量子转移矩阵方法，研究一维反铁磁-铁磁自旋1／2棱型自旋链在外场条件下低温下的热力学性质．磁化强度在低温下随外场的变化出现台阶式的平台结构，并表现出三个临界外场值，反映了系统磁相互耦合作用与热力学波动间的相互竞争；同时磁化率在外场下呈现双峰结构，其来源于系统在外场下的能隙和长程序参量的变化．本文的数值结果表明该棱型链与自旋1-1／2海森堡链性质一致．     

用磁荷模型计算永磁电机的气隙磁场分布

本文借助磁荷与电荷的类比,用磁荷镜象法导出了一种永磁电机中由永磁磁极产生的气隙磁场分布的二维解析解,为设计时合理选择磁极的工作点及外型尺寸提供了方便和依据。     

Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose-Einstein condensates.

When atoms in a gas are cooled to extremely low temperatures, they will-under the appropriate conditions-condense into a single quantum-mechanical state known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. In such systems, quantum-mechanical behaviour is evident on a macroscopic scale. Here we explore the dynamics of how a Bose-Einstein condensate collapses and subsequently explodes when the balance of forces governing its size and shape is suddenly altered. A condensate's equilibrium size and shape is strongly affected by the interatomic interactions. Our ability to induce a collapse by switching the interactions from repulsive to attractive by tuning an externally applied magnetic field yields detailed information on the violent collapse process. We observe anisotropic atom bursts that explode from the condensate, atoms leaving the condensate in undetected forms, spikes appearing in the condensate wavefunction and oscillating remnant condensates that survive the collapse. All these processes have curious dependences on time, on the strength of the interaction and on the number of condensate atoms. Although the system would seem to be simple and well characterized, our measurements reveal many phenomena that challenge theoretical models.     

直线异步电机空载气隙磁场的计算分析

通过二维电磁场分析得到直线异步电机空载时气隙磁场的二维解析公式，并通过有限元数值计算与实验测结果进行对比，验证了该分析方法和结论的正确性。     

Magnetohydrodynamic flow over a moving plate in a parallel stream with an induced magnetic field

A viscous boundary layer flow of an electrically-conducting fluid over a moving flat plate in a parallel stream with a constant magnetic field applied outside the boundary layer parallel to the plate was investigated. The governing system of partial differential equations was transformed to ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation. The similarity equations were then solved numerically using a finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Numerical results of the skin friction coefficient, velocity profiles, and the induced magnetic field profiles were obtained for some values of the moving parameter, magnetic parameter, and reciprocal magnetic Prandtl number. The results indicate that dual solutions exist when the plate and the fluid move in the opposite directions up to a critical value of the moving parameter, whose value depends on the value of the magnetic parameter.