钨钼室温脆性的研究

对不同实验条件下制备的钨和钼的试样作扫描电镜、透射电镜和俄歇电子能谱分析。断口形貌分析表明,在室温下烧结态和再结晶态的断口呈典型的晶间脆性断裂,低形变及再结晶试样为晶间脆断和穿晶解理的混合型断裂,高度形变的试样断口呈纤维状韧性断裂特征,是纤维束撕裂、分层,而后单个纤维出现缩颈、微孔合并所致。在10~(-9)Torr高真空度下对新鲜断口作俄歇电子能谱分析证实,间隙杂质磷、氧和碳是钨的主要晶界杂质,而钾、氧和碳则在掺杂钨的晶界明显富集,可以确认这些在晶界大量富集的杂质是削弱晶界强度,造成钨钼室温脆性的基本原因.文中还分析了晶粒结构和亚结构对室温脆性的影响。     

15Cr系亚共晶高铬铸铁的烧结制备与性能研究

研究了15Cr系亚共晶高铬铸铁超固相线液相烧结的制备工艺,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对合金的微观组织及冲击试样断口进行了观察和分析,探讨了烧结温度对高铬铸铁组织和力学性能的影响;并采用计算机定量分析金相组织,确定了组织与性能的相关性.研究结果表明,超固相线液相烧结制备的15Cr系亚共晶高铬铸铁相对致密度达99%以上.与普通铸造高铬铸铁相比,烧结制品碳化物外形圆润,呈短杆状均匀分布.随烧结温度的升高,基体晶粒和碳化物逐渐长大,合金力学性能呈现先升后降的规律;1 210℃×1.5 h烧结制品的冲击韧性和抗弯强度达到最大值11.3 J/cm2和2 506.8 MPa.试样的冲击断裂为准解理断裂机制,韧性较普通铸造试样大幅提高.烧结温度主要通过影响试样组织中碳化物数量、分布、形态以及尺寸,来影响合金力学性能.碳化物体积分数是影响高铬铸铁硬度的主要因素.     

涂层烧结及热处理工艺对GH2O2合金组织性能的影响

研究了涂层烧结及热处理工艺对GH202合金基材组织性能的影响．运用电子拉伸机、扫描电镜及光学显微镜,测定了拉伸试样的力学性能,并分析了试样的显微组织和拉伸断口．试验结果表明,GH202合金在1150℃固溶处理5h后,合金表面进行高温涂层与烧结,在850℃时效6h出炉空冷,合金基体晶粒细小,均匀;强化相γ弥散分布;合金强度提高,塑性改善,拉伸断口为韧性断裂．     

涂层烧结及热处理工艺对GH202合金组织性能的影响

研究了涂层烧结及热处理工艺对GH2 0 2合金基材组织性能的影响 .运用电子拉伸机、扫描电镜及光学显微镜 ,测定了拉伸试样的力学性能 ,并分析了试样的显微组织和拉伸断口 .试验结果表明 ,GH2 0 2合金在 115 0℃固溶处理 5h后 ,合金表面进行高温涂层与烧结 ,在 85 0℃时效 6h出炉空冷 ,合金基体晶粒细小 ,均匀 ;强化相γ'弥散分布 ;合金强度提高 ,塑性改善 ,拉伸断口为韧性断裂 .     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

91钨合金断裂行为研究

利用扫描电镜拉伸台,通过观察钨质量分数为91%,晶粒度不同的三种钨合金材料受载后裂纹生成、扩展的全过程和断口形貌,研究晶粒度对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,晶粒度为1~3μm的钨合金表现为脆性沿晶断裂,裂纹沿着晶粒与晶粒之间的界面产生、扩展;晶粒度约为10~15μm的钨合金表现为脆性断裂,粘接相失效破坏,裂纹沿着晶粒与粘结相界面扩展;晶粒度约为30~40μm的钨合金表现为穿晶断裂,裂纹穿晶向前扩展。     

高挤压比下挤压工艺对AZ31B镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了高挤压比条件下挤压温度、速度对AZ31B镁合金微观组织、力学性能的影响。采用光学显微镜观察了显微组织,拉伸试验测试了力学性能,并配合扫描电镜观察了拉伸试样的断口形貌。结果表明,高挤压比条件下,动态再结晶较为充分,少量晶粒长大,混晶组织消失。低温、高速挤压有助于晶粒细化,并使晶粒尺寸分布均匀,因而可获得高的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及良好的塑性。350 ℃,2 m/min条件下挤压,试样抗拉强度与延伸率最高,为336.5 MPa与 23%。低温、高速下的挤压试样的拉伸断口韧窝较深且细密,呈现明显的韧性断裂特征,而高温、低速的断口为混合断裂。     

碳化钨基硬质合金的制备与力学性能研究

在碳化钨粉末中加入一定量的钴、碳化钽以及碳化铪,经过混料、球磨、冷压成型和热压烧结等步骤制备出硬质合金试样。利用1 000 N维式显微硬度计、三点弯曲试验、XJJ-5冲击试验机以及扫描电镜分别对试样硬度、抗弯强度、冲击韧性以及试样的微观形貌进行了研究,并对试样力学性能的提高机理进行了探讨。结果表明,碳化铪的加入可有效改善烧结质量,细化晶粒,改善试样力学性能。碳化铪质量分数为2%的试样力学性能最好。     

注射成形Ti-6Al-4V合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用金属注射成形方法制备Ti-6Al-4V合金坯体,然后利用溶剂脱脂和热脱脂工艺脱除坯中粘结剂,研究了合金在真空烧结和热等静压烧结条件下的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:真空烧结Ti-6Al-4V合金具有典型的魏氏体组织,其初始的β晶粒粗大,β晶粒内为次生片状α和薄β相片,空隙较多,合金的强度和塑性较低;合金经热等静压处理后,组织明显细化且均匀,空隙很少或几乎没有,从而强度和塑性都有所提高.     

细晶Mo-40%Cu合金的烧结性能

采用溶胶—喷雾干燥—煅烧—氢还原工艺制取纳米晶Mo-40%Cu(质量分数)复合粉末,并利用该粉末制备具有优良物理力学性能的细晶Mo-40%Cu合金。研究烧结温度、时间对合金性能的影响,检测合金的物理力学性能,分析合金的显微组织与断口形貌特征。研究结果表明:采用该法制取的纳米晶Mo-40%Cu复合粉末烧结活性高,其成形压坯在1 050～1 100℃于H2气氛中烧结保温60 min即可实现材料的快速致密化,合金的相对密度可达到98%以上,最大拉伸强度和伸长率分别为630 MPa和6.97%,且组织晶粒细小(平均粒径小于1μm)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.