浇注温度对AZ31镁合金连续流变挤压成形组织的影响

研究了不同浇注温度、辊靴型腔中不同位置的AZ31镁合金组织.结果表明,浇注温度高于750℃时,半固态区减小,工作辊对半固态区枝晶的剪切时间变短,枝晶破碎不充分,得不到优质的半固态金属浆料;浇注温度低于730℃时,固相区变大,半固态区部分枝晶未得到充分剪切就进入了固相区,固相区的枝晶更是难以断裂,因此得不到理想的半固态组织;随着固相区的增加,合金变形更加困难,设备工作压力增加,使用寿命降低;AZ31镁合金连续流变挤压最佳浇注温度为730～750℃.     

半固态搅拌摩擦焊温度场分析及组织验证

为避免由材料流动不足而导致的焊接缺陷以及降低焊接过程中的作用力,提出了半固态搅拌摩擦焊. 本文以2024-T3铝合金为研究对象,进行了焊接过程中温度及显微组织分析. 温度的模拟及测量结果表明:当搅拌头的旋转速度为1600r·min-1、焊接速度为150mm/min时,稳态时焊核区的温度峰值达到了518℃,超过了焊材的固相线. 空冷条件下常规搅拌摩擦焊与水冷条件下的半固态搅拌摩擦焊焊核区的显微组织对比结果表明,利用搅拌头摩擦产热的方法可使搅拌区呈现液态金属母液中均匀悬浮着近似球形晶粒的半固态组织.      

镁合金半固态制浆新工艺

研究了AZ91D镁合金在不同浇铸温度下组织的对比,以及稍低于液相线的近液相线铸造时静置时间和不同冷却能力铸模对铸态组织形貌的影响·结果表明,浇铸温度高于液相线时,降低浇铸温度有利于减轻镁合金的组织疏松,但组织粗大,此趋势持续到液相线上沿;而在稍低于液相线浇铸时,组织明显细化,有蔷薇化趋势,不再有高于液相线铸造时的显微气孔·在稍低于液相线温度时,适当静置有利于组织细化,一定程度上的枝晶熔断促进了蔷薇化,但不显著,静置时间过长,晶粒又有长大趋势,且出现个别异常长大枝晶·冷却速率对铸造组织的影响与静置时间有相近规律     

浇注温度对合金熔体冷却规律和半固态组织的影响

介绍了一种实验室自主研发的轻合金半固态浆料制备设备--锥桶式流变成形机(TBR),该设备利用刻有凸纹和沟槽的内、外锥桶的相对转动,使合金熔体在凝固过程中受到剧烈的剪切搅拌,从而获得合金半固态浆料.对TBR工艺的传热模型进行了推导,以A356为实验材料得出制备的A356铝合金半固态浆料温度与浇注温度的关系式,同时分析了不同浇注温度下合金熔体的冷却规律和获得的半固态组织形貌.结果表明,适当降低A356合金熔体的浇注温度可以延长初生固相受到的剪切时间和增加剪切次数,从而获得细小、均匀的半固态组织.当浇注温度为640℃时,初生固相平均晶粒尺寸为68μm,形状因子为0.82.     

液相线保温法低合金钢半固态组织的形成机理

采用液相线保温法制备了低合金钢ZG25MnCrNiMo半固态熔体,获得了晶粒细小、圆整、均匀的半固态组织.研究了该组织的形成过程和形成机理,掌握了保温温度和保温时间对组织形态以及晶粒尺寸的影响规律.结果表明,在液相线温度1 510℃保温时,熔体内易形成大量准固相原子团簇并发展为游离晶均匀分布在熔体内,它们能在凝固时显著细化、匀化晶粒,使水淬组织细小、均匀.在空冷条件下,这种细化机制仍起作用,使液相线温度保温后的空冷组织比常规铸造浇铸温度下的空冷组织显著细小.由于中频感应炉的电磁搅拌作用,在液相线短时保温就可孕育出相当数目的游离晶,并能在随后的保温过程中维持游离晶的形态和数目.在保温5～50 min的时间范围内,液相线温度下不同保温时间的水淬组织没有显著变化,短时保温与长时保温的效果相当.     

电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D 镁合金组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D合金组织的影响规律。结果表明：电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的固相颗粒为蔷薇状或粒状α—Mg，随电磁搅拌功率的增大，蔷薇状形态逐渐消失，固相颗粒形态趋于粒状和圆整；在实验范围内，随电磁搅拌电源频率的增大，半固态AZ91D合金组织中固相颗粒形态越来越圆整。这主要是由于电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的形成机理是以枝晶臂熔断为主，而在高频率下的电磁搅拌过程中，在搅拌室产生的集肤效应使得表面和中心出现宏观温度差，从而加强了固相颗粒随流场运动时的温度起伏，最终加速了枝晶的熔断。     

半固态法制备泡沫铝合金先驱体的工艺

提出一种采用半固态熔体直接制备泡沫铝合金先驱体的新方法.该方法利用半固态熔体的自身黏度随温度变化的特性,配合相应的半固态搅拌工艺,无需添加增黏剂即可实现氢化钛发泡剂的均匀混合,冷却后可直接获得泡沫铝合金先驱体.文中对于影响先驱体制备质量的熔体温度、搅拌时间、搅拌速度和叶片结构等条件进行了研究.结果表明:当熔体固相率在1%~30%之间时,发泡剂分散性会随着搅拌时间和搅拌速度的增加而提高;当搅拌时间为180 s,搅拌速度为500 r/min时,铝合金先驱体中发泡剂的分散最均匀.     

半固态等温热处理对AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

研究了 AZ91 D镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中 ,等温时间、等温温度对其组织形态和初生相尺寸的影响 .研究发现 :在升温过程中 ,晶界处的共晶组织 (δ+γ)中的 γ相先发生溶解 ,之后 ,随着温度进一步升高 ,δ相又发生熔化分离 ,并在等温处理过程中逐渐变为球状 .当等温时间过长时 ,球状颗粒有长大的趋势 ,结果表明 :在 570℃时保温 60 min,可得到初生相尺寸在 50～ 80 μm的球状组织 .     

半固态轧制对沉积态7050铝合金显微组织的影响

在560～620℃下对喷射沉积态7050铝合金材料进行了半固态轧制实验,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪、X射线衍射仪考察了材料晶粒尺寸和第二相粒子的分布随重熔温度的变化规律,以及轧制过程中重熔温度和变形量对带材显微组织的影响,分析了半固态轧制的可行性.结果表明:喷射沉积态7050铝合金的晶粒长大激活能为70.5kJ/mol;当重熔温度由560℃增加到620℃时,材料的晶粒粗化速率由1.16μm3/s增加到76.06μm3/s,液相分数由3.7%增加到64.1%;第二相粒子的分布和数量对晶粒的粗化有抑制作用;喷射沉积态7050铝合金最佳的半固态轧制重熔温度为590℃;喷射沉积态材料在半固态轧制成形时,形变的主要作用是致密化材料、破碎晶粒、促使动态再结晶的发生.     

压缩形变大体积镁合金坯料半固态等温组织演变

研究了大体积AZ91D镁合金在SIMA法制备半固态浆料过程中组织的演变规律，并对半固态组织球状化演变的影响因素进行了分析．结果表明：合金在550℃等温处理时，α相在升温阶段就开始由树枝晶向团块状转变，随等温时间的延长再由团块状逐渐演变为多边形状，最后演变为球状晶；若等温时间过长，晶粒会发生合并长大；随着等温温度的升高，组织的球状化速度加快，相同等温时问下晶粒的平均尺寸减小；随着保温时间延长，晶粒圆整度明显改善；增加预形变量将促进半固态等温时枝晶形貌的转变，形变量越大的试样转变为球状晶的速度越快，所需时间越短。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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