聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺类凝胶在NaCl水溶液中的溶胀平衡

以N -异丙基丙烯酰胺为基础研制了①N -异丙基丙烯酰胺均聚凝胶 (非离子型 ) ;②N -异丙基丙烯酰胺与甲基丙烯酸钠共聚的凝胶 (离子型 ) .研究了 2 5℃时它们在NaCl水溶液中 (浓度为 10 -3 ～ 5mol/kgH2 O)的溶胀行为 ,探讨了共聚单体浓度 ,交联剂浓度和单体总量对溶胀行为的影响 .同时测定了NaCl在胶体相和与之并存的液相中的分配 .     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物快速温敏响应行为研究

采用自由基溶液聚合法,在不同温度下制备了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)与N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NHMAAm)的共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-NHMAAm)温敏水凝胶,并对其温敏性、溶胀动力学及其快速响应行为进行了研究。结果表明,共聚单体NHMAAm的添加量以及合成温度对凝胶的温敏响应性均有较大影响,NHMAAm摩尔分数小于15%时,共聚水凝胶具有明显的温敏性,其低临界溶液温度LCST随着NHMAAm含量的增加而提高;在60℃(高于共聚凝胶的LCST)制备的凝胶,快速响应性好,凝胶在4~8h内达到溶胀平衡,5min内能达到退溶胀平衡,失水率达到80%左右,且具有稳定的反复溶胀性。     

NIPA类共聚温敏水凝胶中水的状态和耐热性

用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPA）与丙烯酸钠（SA）及甲基丙烯酸钠（SMA）共聚合成了两个系列的水凝胶，研究了共聚组成与水凝胶基本性质的关系，并用示差扫描量热法（DSC）和热失重法（TG）研究了此类水凝胶中水的状态和耐热性。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在萘普生缓释上的应用

利用1H NMR对温敏性凝胶聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺结构进行表征,对温敏特性进行了检测.在模拟人体环境的条件下,对非水溶性药物萘普生及水溶性药物萘普生钠的PNIPAm整体型释放器在不同温度响应,不同酸碱度响应时进行药物缓释.结果显示,非水溶性药物萘普生在聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺凝胶作为载体体系中,37℃,pH=7.35时释放率较高,速度适中.     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的微波合成及其药物控释性研究

用微波引发合成了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺,并制成整体型释放器,对非水溶性药物阿昔洛韦在不同温度响应时的药物缓释行为进行了研究.     

腐植酸钠/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的合成及脱色性能研究

 以过硫酸铵为引发剂、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺单体和腐植酸钠为原料,用溶液聚合交联法合成了温敏腐植酸钠/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（SH/PNIPA）系列水凝胶。用红外光谱分析仪对其内部相互作用进行了研究,并用紫外可见分光光度计对水凝胶吸附-解吸亚甲基蓝的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明凝胶中SH与PNIPA形成了氢键;凝胶对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附和解吸能力受腐植酸钠的含量、亚甲基蓝的起始浓度和温度的影响; 每克干的SH0.03凝胶最大可吸附亚甲基蓝10.8 mg。     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸叔丁酯共聚微凝胶的温敏性

以一定量的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(N IPAM)为主单体,以亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(M BA)为交联剂,使用丙烯酸叔丁酯(tBA)为共聚单体,通过改进的无皂乳液聚合方法制备了具有温敏性的P(N IPAM-co-tBA)微凝胶。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果证实了微凝胶的化学结构,扫描电镜观察表明该微凝胶为单分散性良好的球形形状。P(N IPAM-co-tBA)微凝胶的体积相转变温度在较宽的范围内可由共聚单体tBA的用量进行调节,但随着tBA用量的增加,微凝胶的温敏性逐渐下降。由于tBA共聚单元增加了聚合物链的疏水性,因此P(N IPAM-co-tBA)微凝胶的溶胀比随着凝胶网络中tBA单元含量的增加而下降。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚微凝胶-Tb(Ⅲ)二元体系的研究

利用分散聚合法合成了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚微凝胶及其与Tb(Ⅲ)离子的配合物，用激光光散射、Zeta电位、紫外光谱进行了表征，结果表明，加入Tb(Ⅲ)后，微凝胶粒径减小了60nm，有尺寸效应产生；Zeta电位增加了约17倍，微凝胶表面带有明显正电荷；Tb(Ⅲ)与微凝胶之间以配位作用为主。     

“智能型”聚N—异丙基丙烯酰胺相变行为对外加盐的？…

通过自由基聚合法合成了温度敏感聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡＭ）和苊烯（ＡＣＥ）标记的聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡＭ／ＡＣＥ）,系统考察了外加盐对ＰＮＩＰＡＭ水溶液最低临界溶解温度（ＬＣＳＴ）的影响。实验表明,随外加盐浓度的增加,ＰＮＩＰＡＭ水溶液的ＬＣＳＴ降低,降低程度不仅与体系的离子强度有关,而且与外加盐的本性有关。荧光各向异性研究表明盐的加入降低了ＰＮＩＰＡＭ链的柔性,从而使其相变温度     

"智能型"聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺相变行为对外加盐的敏感性

通过自由基聚合法合成了温度敏感聚N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (PNIPAM )和苊烯(ACE )标记的聚N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (PNIPAM /ACE) ,系统考察了外加盐对PNIPAM水溶液最低临界溶解温度 (LCST)的影响 .实验表明 ,随外加盐浓度的增加 ,PNIPAM水溶液的LCST降低 ,降低程度不仅与体系的离子强度有关 ,而且与外加盐的本性有关 .荧光各向异性研究表明盐的加入降低了PNIPAM链的柔性 ,从而使其相变温度降低 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.