热处理对第二代镍基单晶合金DD11显微组织及持久性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对铸态、固溶态和时效态的第二代镍基单晶合金DD11的显微组织进行定量表征,并测试了不同一级时效处理后的合金1 100℃/140MPa和980℃/250MPa条件下的持久性能。结果表明:合金经过1 320℃/6h固溶处理后,(γ+γ′)共晶相全部溶解,凝固偏析显著降低,合金组织均匀。一级时效温度低于1 160℃时,γ′相为方形,一级时效温度高于1 180℃时,γ′相为球形,γ通道显著变宽,并在通道内析出细小的γ′相。随一级时效温度提高,合金的持久寿命先增大后降低。持久性能与γ′相尺寸、体积分数及形态密切相关。     

发动机缸盖用铸造铝硅合金的成分优化与组织性能研究

采用正交试验对ZL101合金进行了成分优化设计，并分析了合金元素对铝硅合金力学性能的影响.对改良后的合金进行了热处理工艺研究，其最佳热处理工艺条件为：500 ℃×5.5 h+180 ℃×5 h.研究结果表明，改良合金在铸态下的力学性能为：抗拉强度为244.57 MPa，伸长率为5.95%，硬度为75.1 HB；在T6态下的力学性能为：抗拉强度为397.92 MPa，伸长率为4.68%，硬度为141.2 HB.     

Cu,Ce对Al-7Si-0.35Mg合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用控制变量法,研究了Cu,Ce元素添加对Al-7Si-0.35Mg合金铸态及505℃10h固溶淬火+160℃6h时效热处理后显微组织和力学性能的影响.Cu,Ce元素对热处理态合金的强度、塑性影响显著.热处理态下,Ce含量一定时,添加3.4%~4.0%的Cu元素能使Al-7Si-0.35Mg合金的断裂强度提高50%以上.添加3.6%~3.8%的Cu元素时,合金的抗拉强度超过了390MPa;Ce可以有效改善共晶硅的形态,提高合金的伸长率.当Cu含量一定时,添加0.15%的Ce,Al-7Si-0.35Mg~3.6Cu合金的伸长率从4.2%提高到7.4%.添加过量的Cu,Ce元素,合金中会生成针状的Al9Ce2Cu5Si3四元相.实验结果表明,Al-7Si-0.35Mg合金中同时添加3.6%Cu和0.15%Ce时,材料有良好的综合拉伸性能.     

C含量对一种单晶高温合金组织和持久性能的影响

研究了C含量对一种单晶高温合金组织和持久性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着C含量的增加,合金中γ/γ''共晶组织含量和尺寸减小,碳化物含量增加,其形貌由块状向骨架状和发达骨架状转变,Ta偏析程度降低,Re,W,Mo和Nb偏析程度增加。C含量对热处理后碳化物的形貌几乎无影响。随着C含量的增加,合金在980℃/250 MPa条件下的持久寿命先增加后降低,C质量分数为0.048%时达到最大值。持久过程中,未溶碳化物作为裂纹源缩短了合金的持久寿命。     

铸态Mg-5.0Y-3.0Nd-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能研究

对Mg-5.OY-3.ONd-0.5Zr镬合金进行熔铸和不同温度的均匀化退火.测试该合金的室温拉伸力学性能.并采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等方法观察铸态和均匀化退火态组织.结果表明,添加稀土元素能使镁合金的铸态组织得到细化,Nd和Y分别以Mg41 Nd5和Mg24 Y化合物形式存在,均匀化退火后,试验合金抗拉强度和伸长率得到提高.其中450℃的均匀化退火效果最好,合金的抗拉强度比铸态时的提高了18.6%,塑性提高了3.5%.     

挤压对Mg-Zn-Sn-Al合金力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响

研究了铸态和挤压态Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al合金的微观组织、力学性能和在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:铸态合金的平均晶粒尺寸为183μm;而挤压后合金的平均晶粒尺寸降低为9μm.挤压态与铸态Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al合金相比,抗拉强度由209 MPa提高到354 MPa,屈服强度由157 MPa提高到216 MPa,伸长率达到19.6%且呈现明显的韧性断裂特征.静态浸泡腐蚀和电化学实验表明,挤压态合金的耐蚀性明显低于相应的铸态合金.     

热处理对La0.7Mg0.3(Ni0.85Co0.15)3.4贮氢电极合金性能的影响

用冷坩埚磁悬浮熔炼方法制备铸态La0.7Mg0.3(Ni0.85Co0.15)3.4贮氢电极合金,并分别在1 073 K、1 173 K和1 273 K温度下热处理8 h得到热处理态合金,研究了合金的Mg含量、相结构、电化学性能、显微硬度及相应电极的表面状态.研究结果表明:合金中Mg的质量分数随着热处理温度的升高从2.38%降低到2.03%;铸态及1 173 K热处理态合金的主相均为Ce2Ni7型六方相,还包括CaCu5型六方相、PuNi3型菱方相、MgCu2型立方相及BCr型正交相,热处理还使各组成相的晶胞体积均有所增加;随着热处理温度的升高,合金放氢平台的平台压力先降低到0.004 3MPa,然后升高到0.012 1 MPa,再降低到0.007 1 MPa;合金电极的最大放电容量先增加到406.8mA.h/g,然后减小到361.8 mA.h/g;循环稳定性从铸态时的59.6%不断增加到76.0%.     

Zr添加量对Mg-6Zn镁合金组织的影响

采用光学显微镜及万能力学拉伸试验机研究Zr质量分数(0.3%,0.6%,0.9%)对Mg-6Zn合金铸态、热处理后显微组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:加入Zr元素后,合金的组织由树枝状转为颗粒状并分布于晶界,Zr质量分数增加到0.9%时,晶粒边界出现组织富集,质量分数为0.6%时合金则分布均匀.铸态及热处理条件下,合金的抗拉强度均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,含Zr质量分数0.6%时,合金的力学性能最高,铸态拉伸强度达到249 MPa,热处理后则为274 MPa.采用等温热处理法研究合金非枝晶组织随保温温度及保温时间的变化规律,保温温度620℃,保温时间30min时,含Zr质量分数0.6%的合金非枝晶组织圆整、细小.     

FGH95镍基合金组织结构对持久性能的影响

通过对不同温度热等静压FGH95合金进行完全热处理、组织形貌观察、XRD谱线分析及持久性能测试,研究FGH95合金组织结构对持久性能的影响。结果表明:随着HIP温度升高,分布在原始颗粒边界处的粗大γ′相数量和尺寸逐渐减小,当HIP温度提高至1 180℃,晶粒明显长大。热等静压合金经完全热处理后,粒状碳化物沿晶界和晶内不连续分布,且细小γ′相在基体中弥散析出。经X线衍射分析,随热等静压温度升高,γ和γ′两相晶格常数略有增加,但错配度逐渐减小;在650℃,1 034 MPa条件下,由于1 120℃HIP合金完全热处理后具有较高的晶格错配度,致使合金具有较长持久寿命;合金在蠕变期间的变形特征是位错滑移,位错绕过或剪切γ′相。     

Y对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X线衍射仪等分析研究Y对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响,并测试其室温力学性能.研究结果表明:Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr-xY(x=0,0.6％,1.2％,1.8％,质量分数)合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg和Mg12(NdaZn1-a)相组成,Y元素主要固溶在α-Mg和Mg12(NdaZn1-a)相中;合金经530℃/14h固溶处理后组织由α-Mg、残余的少量Mg12(NdaZn1-a)相以及方块状Mg24RE5相组成;固溶态合金经200℃/12h时效处理后有大量尺寸为10nm左右的β'和β”析出相生成,能有效地强化基体;随Y质量分数增加,合金室温抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐上升,最高分别达到271 MPa和161 MPa,较基础Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr合金有较大幅度提高.     

应力作用下2124合金蠕变时效的组织与性能

通过硬度测试、拉伸测试和透射电镜分析等方法,研究应力分别为0 MPa和200 MPa对Al-Cu-Mg系2124合金185℃时效后的硬度、强度以及伸长率的影响,阐述应力对2124合金时效后组织与力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:在常规时效和蠕变时效2种时效状态下,200 MPa应力作用下的蠕变时效使2124合金的S'析出相分布变得不均匀,合金的强度提高,而塑性降低;在0 MPa应力作用下,合金峰时效状态下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为411.6 MPa,270.8 MPa,20.20％;在200 MPa应力作用下,合金峰值时效状态下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为441.1 MPa,321.0 MPa和16.24％,后者的抗拉强度和屈服强度比前的高,但塑性低.     

Sn对Mg-5Zn-2.5Al合金微观组织与性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能试验机等分析测试设备研究了Sn对Mg-5Zn-2.5Al-xSn(x=0,1,2,3,4)(ZAT52x)合金组织结构及力学性能的影响.采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算了ZAT52x(x=0,2,4)3种合金在Scheil模型条件下液相质量分数与温度的关系以及凝固过程中的相变反应....     

低频电磁铸造7050铝合金的组织与性能

采用新型低频电磁铸造技术制备了7050铝合金120 mm铸锭,研究了低频电磁场对铸锭组织和性能的影响.并对比研究了常规DC铸造和低频电磁铸造铸锭挤压和热处理后的组织与性能.结果表明,低频电磁铸造显著细化晶粒组织,并使组织分布均匀,改善铸锭的铸态力学性能.固溶并时效处理后,常规DC铸锭挤压棒材抗拉强度达到676.5 MPa,延伸率达到11.2%;低频电磁铸锭挤压棒材抗拉强度略有提高,达到677.5 MPa,延伸率提高较大,达到13.2%.低频电磁铸造对7050铝合金挤压棒材最终抗拉强度影响不大,但能够显著提高延伸率.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy after a lower-temperature homogenization treatment

In this paper, a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method. The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430℃ for 12 h as a homogenization treatment. The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically. The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18R long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg₁₀ZnY and an α-Mg matrix, along with net-shaped Mg₅(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries. Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment. Moreover, the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment. The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg₁₂Zn(Y,Gd). The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile yield strength (TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation was 3.4%. The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.     

Effect of temperature and stress on high temperature creep behavior of Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy

The creep behavior and dislocations mechanism of the Ni₃Al-based single crystal alloy IC6SX with [001] orientation were investigated under the testing conditions of 1100 ?°C/137 ?MPa, 1100 ?°C/120 ?MPa and 1070 ?°C/137 ?MPa. It was observed that the temperature and stress had a significant effect on the high temperature creep life of the single crystal alloy. As the temperature was reduced from 1100 ?°C to 1070 ?°C, the creep life increased from 65.07 ?h to 313.8 ?h. As the stress was reduced to 120 ?MPa, the creep life increased to 243.3 ?h. Under the high temperature and low stress condition the dislocations entered the γ′ phase by climbing caused by the atomic diffusion, instead of slipping.     

Effects of Ce-rich RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy with duplex structure

The effects of Ce-rich RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd-x RE(x = 0, 1, 2, 3 wt%) alloys were investigated. The results indicated that the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy mainly consisted of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi, MgLi2 Al and Al2 Nd phases. With the addition of Ce-rich RE in the alloy,Al3 RE and Al2 RE phases generated and gradually grew into net-like or block-like structure. With the addition of RE, Al-RE phases generated by consuming Al element and, thus, less Al element was dissolved in the matrix and less AlLi phase formed. Furthermore, less AlLi phase means that more Li element released to cause the increase ofβ-Li phase and refine the α-Mg phase. Under the influence of these factors, adding more RE led to higher elongation and lower tensile strength and hardness. With the addition of Ce-rich RE, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy gradually decreased from 180 to 152 MPa and from 215 to 193 MPa, respectively, while the elongation was remarkably improved from 21.1% to 40.2%.     

挤压变形对Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金组织与性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼铸造法制备Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金,并对该合金铸态和挤压态试样分别进行显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的对比分析.结果表明:经挤压变形后该合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒及Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相得到显著细化.挤压后屈服强度达222MPa,增大幅度高达204%,抗拉强度提高到291MPa.延伸率从铸态的11.5%上升至26%,经挤压变形后合金的断裂机制发生由脆性向韧性的转变,Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相为该合金的主要强化相.     

Effect of the withdrawal rate on the microstructure and thermal durability of a third-generation single crystal superalloy

Single crystal Ni-based superalloys are the typical structural materials for high-pressure turbine blades, and their microstructure is critical in determining their mechanical properties. The withdrawal rate is a key parameter affecting the microstructure during the single crystal growth process. In the present work the effect of the withdrawal rate on the microstructure of a third-generation single crystal superalloy containing 6.8 ?wt% Re has been investigated, and the creep resistance of the alloy determined. The results showed that increased withdrawal rate refined the dendritic structure, reduced dendritic arm spacing, promoted the growth of secondary tertiary dendrites and decreased solidification segregation with a reduced size of γ′ phase. The porosity density of the as-cast alloy first decreased and then increased with the withdrawal rate, while the minimum porosity densityoccurred when the alloy was under the solidification condition of withdrawal rate of 4.5 ?mm/min. The maximum creep rupture life of 326.4 ?h of the heat-treated alloys under the test condition of 1100 ?°C/140 ?MPa also appeared at the alloys under the withdrawal rates of 4.5 ?mm/min. It is believed that the minimum porosity density and reduced size of the γ′ phase may be the main reasons for the enhanced creep rupture life of the alloys with withdrawal rates of 4.5 ?mm/min. This investigation provides theoretical support and a practical basis for the development of third-generation single crystal superalloys.     

强化固溶对7055铝合金力学性能和断裂行为的影响

残余可溶结晶相颗粒是制约高强度铝合金力学性能的重要因素．作者通过改变固溶热处理条件并结合金相组织观察和断口分析研究了强化固溶对提高7055铝合金力学性能的作用．结果表明采取逐步升温固溶处理可使最终固溶温度超过多相共晶温度而不产生过烧组织,提高残余可溶结晶相的固溶程度和合金力学性能．强化固溶的7055合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达715MPa和750MPa,且延伸率约为10％;微量元素Zr比Cr更有利于提高7055合金的力学性能,且在强化固溶条件下,提高效果更加明显．通过断口分析显示,合金的断裂属晶内韧窝断裂与沿晶断裂的混合断裂;强化固溶后,残余结晶相引起的晶内韧窝断裂减少,沿晶断裂增加     

Si对快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM) AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM)法制备了Si增强的AZ91镁合金.研究了不同Si含量对AZ91镁合金的微观组织、室温和高温力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Si含量的增加,合金中原位生成的Mg2Si颗粒逐渐长大.Si的加入显著提高了合金的室温和高温力学性能.室温下,当Si含量≤3%时,合金的抗拉强度随着Si含量的增加而提高,当Si含量增加至5%时,合金的抗拉强度大幅度降低.其中RS/PM(AZ91+3%Si)合金表现出最优异的室温力学性能:bσ高达472.36 MPa,σ0.2和δ分别达到329.76 MPa和4.70%.合金的高温抗拉强度(473 K)随着Si含量的增加而提高.