烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

磁性纳米TiO2/Fe3O4的制备及光催化去除甲基紫的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在磁性纳米Fe3O4表面包覆TiO2制备磁性纳米TiO2/Fe3O4复合光催化剂.用XRD、SEM、FTIR对其表面结构进行表征,结果显示Fe3O4表面被锐钛型的TiO2包覆,该磁性纳米光催化剂颗粒分布均匀,平均粒径为80～100 nm.将纳米TiO2/Fe304用着光催化剂去除水中的甲基紫染料,在紫...     

活性炭负载N掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性研究

以尿素为N源、以钛酸四丁酯和乙醇为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备N掺杂TiO2,并用浸渍法将TiO2负载于粒状活性炭上,通过烧结制成N-TiO2/AC光催化剂.并利用TG-DTA、XRD、BET对催化剂的结构、尺寸等特征进行分析和表征,同时考察了亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度、催化剂用量、亚甲基蓝溶液pH值、催化剂负载次数对N-TiO2/AC光催化剂在可见光下降解亚甲基蓝的影响.其结果表明负载于活性炭上的N-TiO2平均粒径约为9.3 nm,晶型为锐钛矿型,其比表面积为746.9 m2/g.最佳条件下在亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为100 mg/L、制备催化剂用量为0.4 g,亚甲基蓝溶液pH值为1.0时,经100 W钨灯5 h照射后,亚甲基蓝的去除率为91.43%,相同条件下比N-TiO2和纯TiO2催化剂活性分别提高了2.580倍和65.31倍.     

制备工艺条件对纳米Ti_(1-x)S_xO_2薄膜光催化活性的影响

以硫脲为S的源物质,以钛酸丁酯为TiO2的前驱体,以蜂窝陶瓷为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶-浸渍提拉法制备Ti1-xSxO2薄膜,探讨热处理温度、S掺杂量及涂膜等工艺条件对Ti1-xSxO2薄膜的光催化活性的影响。研究结果表明：掺硫TiO2光催化剂在可见光区的吸收强度增大;采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍提拉法制备Ti1-xSxO2光催化剂的最佳工艺条件是：硫脲与Ti（OBu）4摩尔比为3：1,煅烧温度为600℃,涂膜层数为6。在最佳工艺条件下制备的Ti1-xSxO2纳米薄膜对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达100％。     

La~(3+)掺杂Bi_(0.5)(Na_(1-x-y)K_xLi_y)_(0.5)TiO_3陶瓷的微结构与电学性能

利用传统的电子陶瓷工艺制备了La^3＋掺杂Bi0．5（Na1-x-yKxLiy）0．5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了La^3＋掺杂对该体系陶瓷的介电压电性能与微观结构的影响．结果表明,少量的La^3＋掺杂可以改善该陶瓷的微结构;当掺杂量为0．1％时,该陶瓷体系的压电性能有较大的改善,室温下该体系配方的压电常数d33可达215pC／N,径向机电耦合系数kp达到37．4％,但同时介电损耗增大,机械品质因子降低．当掺杂量达到1．5％以后,陶瓷的压电性能严重下降．     

掺杂钛酸铋钠对钛酸锶钡陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用固相法制备钛酸铋钠掺杂的钛酸锶钡（Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3）铁电陶瓷,研究钛酸铋钠的掺杂量对钛酸锶钡陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能的影响,并探讨相关机理．研究结果表明,在讨论的掺杂范围内,随着钛酸铋钠掺杂量的增加,钛酸锶钡的晶粒尺寸先增大,后减小．当掺杂量为0．5％（质量分数,下同）时,介电弥散发生,半导化现象出现．当钛酸铋钠掺杂量介于1．0%-1．5％之间时,钛酸锶钡陶瓷的介电常数均保持在5000,且居里温度向高温移动到120℃,10kHz频率的介电损耗低于0．05．     

新颖负载型光催化剂的开发

以新颖玻璃弹簧填料为载体,采用浸渍－烧结法制备负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂,通过光在不同填充床中的分布测定结果。表明光在该光催化剂床层中的传递距离比玻璃珠载体长8倍,比0．5％P25悬浮液中的传递距离长28倍。该负载型催化剂具有光辐射分布较均匀、光照射表面积与体积比高等优点,从而有效的光催化反应体积成倍增加。     

一种新型高耐磨性紫外光固化路标涂料的研制

选用纳米TiO2作为填料,经表面亲油改性,采用活性单体交联和紫外光固化,制备了一种新型高耐磨性路标涂料.讨论了TiO2、光引发剂、活性单体用量及种类对涂料耐磨性的影响.结果表明:较适宜的添加量为:纳米TiO2用量为12%(W);活性单体为双官能度且用量10%;光引发剂用量为6%.     

TiO2光催化涂层的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得了添加La2O3的改性TiO2微粉，用硅酸乙酯作粘结剂，将TiO2光催化涂层涂覆在载玻片上，讨论了TiO2含量(质量分数，下同)以及活性炭和沸石对涂层光催化活性的影响．发现：当涂层中TiO2的含量为70％时，涂层的光催化活性最好；活性炭和沸石都能提高涂层的光催化活性，且活性炭优于沸石，当活性炭的添加量为10％(质量分数)时效果最好．     

TiO2/ACF光催化降解水中苯酚的研究

研究了TiO2/ACF光催化剂的制备与表征，并对催化剂的活性以及光源种类和H2O2对TiO2/ACF光催化降解苯酚的影响进行了研究，结果发现：以涂覆法制得的TiO2/ACF光催化剂在废水处理方面有其独特的优点；添加少量H2O2和采用短波长光源均有利于苯酚的降解；254nm和365nm光催化降解苯酚的机理不同。     

纳米二氧化钛颗粒的制备

以硫酸法生产钛白的废弃物 (灰箱料 )为原料 ,制备纳米级锐钛型 Ti O2 .灰箱料经净化后得到硫酸钛溶液 ,以尿素为沉淀剂 ,采用均匀沉淀法制备纳米 Ti O2 颗粒 .详细研究了溶液 p H值、反应温度、Ti(SO4) 2 浓度、反应时间等工艺条件对 Ti O2 颗粒形态结构 (晶型、大小和分布 )的影响 ,形成纳米 Ti O2 制备工艺 .利用 TG- DTA、TEM、XRD分析等手段对颗粒进行表征 .制备的 Ti O2 颗粒纯度为 96 .4%,粒径为 2 0～ 30 nm,且分布均匀 ,为锐钛相结构 .