模糊库存与运输两级供应链整合优化研究

研究了模糊条件下两级供应链系统的库存与运输整合优化问题,在供销双方库存成本、订购成本和销售商的年需求量均为独立模糊变量且均不允许缺货的条件下,建立了库存与运输整合费用的模糊期望最优化模型,分析并证明了模型的一些性质,设计了整合策略中供应商和销售商的最佳订货量(Qw,Q)的求解算法,最后通过算例说明模型的可行性和有效性。     

价格折扣/运输折扣的库存--运输联合优化模型

针对一个供应商、多个销售商组成的两级供应链系统,在需求随机、订货提前期随机的情况下,建立含有运输／价格折扣的库存-运输联合优化模型,以计算整合策略中最佳订货点r和订货量Q,使供应链整体盈利最大．算例表明,采取运输／价格折扣可以使供应商和销售商的平均利润均有提高．     

铁路直达运输条件下煤炭运输与库存一体化模型

在分析发电厂燃煤运输与库存特点的基础上,构建了铁路直达运输条件下,发电厂燃煤多周期运输与库存一体化模型,并使包括煤炭采购成本、运输成本、仓储成本、资金成本等在内的物流系统总成本最小.模型充分考虑了与铁路直达运输方式相关的运输能力、运输质量的约束,电厂库存本身相关的库存能力约束、安全库存量约束,以及电厂锅炉对煤质要求、配煤比例,供应商选择等约束条件.通过模型的分析和求解,确定最优的分阶段订货批量(即运输量)及库存水平.文中给出的具有实际意义背景的算例,进一步说明了模型的构建过程和验证了模型的有效性和可行性.     

一个允许退货的库存控制策略模型

库存管理是逆向物流的重要研究内容,本文设定销售商允许顾客退货,退回物品经处理后仍然可以原价卖出,且顾客的需求与退货均服从独立的Poisson分布．在此条件下,提出了一个最优订货模型和求解算法,并用数值算例讨论分析了不同退货率τ、库存成本c8和缺货损失cb对销售商的最优订货量和期望收益的影响。研究结果表明,退货率对销售商的订货数量以及期望收益有明显影响,销售商应采取有效措施尽量降低退货率。     

基于销售商成本信息不对称下供应链协调的量折扣模型

针对由单一供应商和单一销售商组成的两层供应链系统,研究了销售商库存成本信息不对称下供应链的协调问题,提出了一个能更好激励销售商合作从而改善供应链协作的量折扣模型.最后给出算例并进行有效性分析.     

基于逆向物流定期和定量处理的最优库存控制策略研究

为了对逆向物流进行有效管理,对退回物品采用批量修复处理的方式.在假设销售商允许消费者退货、退货服从Poisson分布、且退回物品经处理后可与"新产品"一样出售的条件下,研究了销售商对退回产品基于定期和定量2种不同处理方式的最优库存控制模型.研究结果表明, 销售商对退回产品处理方式的不同导致其订货决策明显不同,但平均订货成本的差异却很小.销售商可根据实际情况对退回产品选择合适的处理方式以及相应的订货策略.     

两级供应链库存-运输优化模型研究

研究了采取价格折扣、运输折扣时的供应链库存-运输联合优化问题。首先考虑了折扣前销售商和供应商各自利润最大的库存-运输模型,然后建立了价格折扣和运输折扣后,满足Pareto有效性,使供应链整体利润最大的库存-运输优化模型。     

不确定条件下外协生产库存系统控制策略与参数优化

针对协作企业生产能力和运输时间不确定条件下的外协生产库存系统优化控制问题,提出了一种基于生产点和生产批量的生产库存控制策略。用统计概率分布对协作企业生产能力和运输时间的不确定性进行描述,以库存成本、生产准备成本和协作企业生产能力损失成本最小为目标,建立了生产能力和运输时间随机变动条件下生产库存系统控制策略的参数优化模型,设计了一种基于仿真的控制参数优化算法,通过实例对生产库存系统控制策略及控制参数优化算法进行了验证,并分析了生产点和生产批量等参数变化对与外协生产库存系统性能的影响。     

最大最小运送周期下的库存与运输优化模型

针对库存与运输联合优化使得供应链成本最低问题.采用对配送周期加以限制的方法,即最大最小运送周期,研究降低供应链成本的优化模型,即最大最小运送周期库存与运输模型.结果表明:两级供应链下,在车载能力基础上综合考虑配送周期进行货物运送,要比按照独立周期进行货物运送节省成本.根据最大最小运送周期定义建立的最大最小运送周期库存与运输模型能在一定程度上降低运输费用从而降低两级供应链成本.     

供应方信息共享对销售商绩效的影响

为了加强供应链的协调,研究了共享供应方的供货信息对销售商绩效的影响.在只有1个销售商和制造商的2层供应链系统中,当市场需求为AR(1)模式时,建立了及时共享制造商的供货信息时销售商的库存水平和运行成本的数学模型,讨论了在信息共享和不共享时,在订货至S水平的原则下,销售商不同的订货决策表达式,解析分析表明,共享供应方的信息对销售商在平均库存下降和运营成本节约两方面都有较大的价值.     

Fuzzy Economic Order Quantity Inventory Models Without Backordering

In economic order quantity models without backordering, both the stock cost of each unit quantity and the order cost of each cycle are characterized as independent fuzzy variables rather than fuzzy numbers as in previous studies. Based on an expected value criterion or a credibility criterion, a fuzzy expected value model and a fuzzy dependent chance programming (DCP) model are constructed. The purpose of the fuzzy expected value model is to find the optimal order quantity such that the fuzzy expected value of the total cost is minimal. The fuzzy DCP model is used to find the optimal order quantity for maximizing the credibility of an event such that the total cost in the planning periods does not exceed a certain budget level. Fuzzy simulations are designed to calculate the expected value of the fuzzy objective function and the credibility of each fuzzy event. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on a fuzzy simulation is designed, by integrating the fuzzy simulation and the PSO algorithm. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm.     

固定分区法在非一体化供应链配送中的应用

文章在固定需求及不允许缺货前提下,考虑了固定分区法在两级非一体化供应链中的应用.在这个供应链中,供应商先向外界的生产商订货,再对各个零售商进行配送,然后零售商再将产品销售出去,该文是通过降低运输费用来提高供应链的整体利润.为了使零售商能够接受供应商统筹安排配送的周期和路线,供应商采用价格策略,将节省下来的费用重新进行分配.最后给出了模型的算法,并以一个实例加以说明.     

Multi-Echelon Inventory Model with Emergency Lateral Transshipments

In multi-echelon inventory systems, since neighboring retailers are located at shorter distances than the supplier, a retailer may seek stock from them when it is out of stock, that is, emergency lateral transshipments between retailers are commonly practiced to provide improved order fill rate. In this paper, we develop a continuous review multi-echelon model for consumable products when emergency lateral transshipments between retailers are allowed. Approximations are derived for the expected level of cost and order fill rate of retailers. Simulations conducted to test the validity of the approximate analytical model indicate that it performs very well in the cases where fairly high service levels are required. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the effects of emergency lateral transshipments on the performance criteria of inventory systems. The results indicate that emergency lateral transshipments will lead to a significant increase in the retailer order fail rate and this initiative is most suitable for items with a high penalty cost, or where lost sales are likely.     

Analysis of Conditional Value-at-Risk for Newsvendor with Holding and Backorder Cost under Market Search

We consider a distribution system with one supplier and two retailers. For the two retailers, they face different demand and are both risk averse. We study a single period model which the supplier has ample goods and the retailers order goods separately. Market search is measured as the fraction of customers who unsatisfied with their ＂local＂ retailer due to stock-out, and search for the goods at the other retailer before leaving the system. We investigate how the retailers game for order quantity in a Conditional Value-at-Risk framework and study how risk averse degree, market search level, holding cost and backorder cost influence the optimal order strategies. Furthermore, we use uniform distribution to illustrate these results and obtain Nash equilibrium of order strategies.     

基于数量弹性合同的竞争型供应商和销售商最优订货量决策方法

针对多个供应商和多个销售商构成的供应链系统,研究了数量弹性合同中供应商和销售商双方竞争模式的订货决策,以实现各供应商和各销售商利润最优.一方面,从供应商角度考虑,通过一种交互规划方法——逐步宽容约束法得到各供应商均满意的商品生产量;另一方面,从销售商角度考虑,根据各供应商对各销售商不同属性持有不同程度的偏好态度,应用Markov链群体排序法对各销售商进行偏好排序,同时得到各销售商的最优商品订货量,实现各销售商利润最优.     

供应商定价机制与渠道协调研究

研究了存在单个供应商、任意多个有差异的古诺竞争零售商的确定性需求环境下,三种可供供应商选择的协调和非协调批发价格机制,并以零售商面临的基本需求、竞争激烈程度和固定成本为参数,对三种不同情况下各机制产生的供应商利润进行比较,结果表明：供应商采用协调还是非协调机制取决于具体的参数情况,从而在理论上将各种机制扩展应用到任意多个零售商情形,并通过算例得出供应商如何作出机制选择,以及何时才会选择一个协调契约机制。     

Decision-Making of a Single Supplier and Multiple Loss-Averse Retailers under Partial Trade Credit

Under partial trade credit, suppliers usually require retailers to pay a fraction of the purchase cost immediately when ordering and the remaining payment is deferred at the end of the sales period. Considering a supply chain consisting of a risk-neutral supplier and multiple loss-averse retailers, we develop models under partial trade credit. We analyze the optimal decisions of a supplier and retailers under decentralized decision-making. The study shows that there is a unique Nash equilibrium among the retailers, and the optimal total order quantity of retailers increases as the delayed payment ratio increases and as the degree of retailers' competition increases, but decreases with an increase in the loss aversion. Numerical studies are conducted to demonstrate the solution procedures and the effects of the parameters on decisions and profits.     

一个信息不完全情况下提前期可控的整合库存模型及其算法

建构包含一个供应商和一个零售商的整合库存模型．模型将零售商每次的订货量、每次订货所需要的运输批次数,以及零售商的提前期作为决策变量,对供应商和零售商的整合全年期望总库存成本进行优化,使其接近最优．同时,模型假设有关零售商提前期内需求的信息是不完全的,并且提前期可以由追加额外的赶工成本进行控制．     

模糊环境下的供应链库存决策问题研究

针对由一个中心仓库、一个分销中心和多个零售商组成的三级分销系统,研究了模糊环境下该分销系统的库存决策问题,建立了分销系统的总成本与服务水平的集成优化模型.目的是确立中心仓库、分销中心和零售商的最经济的订货批量,从而使分销系统的模糊总成本最小.最后,通过数值方法求解了此模型.