强热带风暴Bilis的敏感性数值试验

文中采用非静力MM5(3.5)中尺度数值模式对2006年7月14-15日强热带风暴Bilis台风暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果发现中尺度地形对暴雨的落区和强度有重要影响。主要表现在地形迎风坡作用、特殊地形辐合抬升作用、地形中尺度系统影响。初始湿度场的改变在模拟雨区和雨强时,对于水汽输送弱的地方,形成降水的水汽对初始时大气中的水汽含量依赖很强;对于有强水汽输送的区域,水汽初值并不是强降水的决定因子。     

强热带风暴Bilis的敏感性数值试验

文中采用非静力MM5（3.5）中尺度数值模式对2006年7月14-15日强热带风暴Bilis台风暴雨天气过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果发现中尺度地形对暴雨的落区和强度有重要影响。主要表现在地形迎风坡作用、特殊地形辐合抬升作用、地形中尺度系统影响。初始湿度场的改变在模拟雨区和雨强时,对于水汽输送弱的地方,形成降水的水汽对初始时大气中的水汽含量依赖很强;对于有强水汽输送的区域,水汽初值并不是强降水的决定因子。     

多普勒雷达资料在数值模式中的应用

本文利用ARPS模式的3DVAR系统和综合云分析系统,成功地将多普勒雷达径向风资料和雷达回波资料加入模式中,分析雷达资料在数值模式短时预报中的作用。通过模拟"718"济南特大暴雨过程,得到如下结论:(1)雷达径向风资料对初始风场调整显著,使其出现明显中尺度特征,积分1h后,对水汽场也有一定的调节作用,但不够显著;(2)雷达反射率资料对初始水汽场调整明显,对定量降水预报和降水落区有很大改进,积分1h后,风场的中尺度特征显著。(3)同化雷达资料的两个试验虽然都与实况略有偏差,但都比非同化雷达资料的试验好。     

2020年春季莆田市一次暴雨成因初探

应用ERA 50.25°×0.25°逐小时的全球再分析资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°逐六小时的全球再分析资料、雷达回波资料和常规观测资料,从环流背景、中尺度特征和物理量场特征分析以及对各家模式降水预报进行检验,探讨莆田市一次暴雨的发生机制。结果表明,莆田市2020年5月21日发生的暴雨过程是低涡型降水,降水主要位于低层西南风和东南风形成的切变线附近,且暴雨过程的发生与中尺度系统密不可分,受地面辐合线的地形共同影响,莆田出现集中的降水时段;与低空急流对应的低层正涡度中心是降水加强的一个重要指标,θse的锋区与冷空南下的位置对应。大雨以上的降水全球模式的参考性较大,但是暴雨预报能力还是较差,暴雨落区和多模式的一致性都不好,区域模式大雨以上的降水参考性较差;日常预报中要注意从中尺度和物理量进行全面分析,加强多源数据应用,加强风廓线雷达、雨滴谱仪、自动站等非常规资料的监测、应用及检验。     

LAPS同化MTSAT-2水汽资料在一次中尺度大暴雨模拟中的应用

中尺度分析系统LAPS(local analysis and prediction system)在国内已业务化多年,可以融合多种国内观测资料;但是针对卫星资料的融合应用研究还不够充分。为此,实现了LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料的接口;并结合WRF模式,选取2014年7月24~25日发生在江苏及附近地区的一次强降水过程进行模拟。通过对比LAPS系统融合MTSAT-2卫星资料前后的物理量场的差异,以及经WRF模式预报的降水量差异,分析基于LAPS系统同化MTSAT-2资料对暴雨预报的作用。结果表明,LAPS融合MTSAT-2卫星资料后对地面相对湿度场和降水区域分布均有明显改善作用。利用多种评分方法对24 h累计降水进行检验,发现同化MTSAT-2资料对大雨及以上量级降水的预报改善作用明显,特别是对大暴雨级别的降水预报效果改善最为显著。     

开封市一次暴雨的数值预报效果检验

利用EC模式和T639模式对2010年7月17—19日开封市暴雨进行了模拟,并将模拟结果与实况进行对比,发现两种模式在降水的落区和强度上均有较好的表现.在动力场和风场上的模拟结果虽然与实况略有偏差,但主要的降水系统与相差不多.与中尺度模式MM5的模拟结果则表明,在短期临近预报中,中尺度模式的效果更好.     

台湾地形对1998年6月7—8日中尺度对流系统降雨的影响

利用中尺度模式MM5研究了台湾地形对中尺度对流系统所引起的降雨的影响。通过一系列不同模式分辨率和不同精确度地形高度的敏感性实验, 发现模式的分辨率对降水的预报起决定作用,同时,地形的精确度也可以改变降水的分布和强度。为了得到合理的模拟,6km 的模式分辨率和18km 的地形精确度是必须的。去掉台湾地形的敏感性实验表明,台湾中央山脉对降水的影响可以分为两类,即“强迫”和“修正”效应。在对流层低层,中央山脉对中α尺度低压有阻挡作用,并强迫局地中β尺度的低压。中β尺度的低压和中α尺度低压相互作用,在台湾北部“强迫”出暴雨;而在台湾中部,中尺度对流系统登陆的地方,中央山脉对降雨的落区和强度都给予了“修正”。     

IASI卫星资料同化对江淮暴雨预报的试验研究

对2014年6月26日到6月28日发生在江淮地区的一次暴雨过程,运用中尺度预报模式WRF以及同化系统WRFDA同化ATOVS(包括AMSUA、MHS、HIRS4)和IASI(CO2吸收波段)亮温资料,对比不同卫星资料同化对此次暴雨过程预报影响,评价IASI卫星资料同化对江淮暴雨预报效果。结果表明,相比ATOVS资料同化,IASI资料同化对温度、湿度等气象要素的调整更明显。在24 h和12 h累计降水量模拟上,同化IASI资料对降水范围和降水强度的模拟与实况最为接近。在同化ATOVS试验中加入IASI资料后,降水模拟效果改进不大,说明同化资料的种类越多,相应累计误差越大,对降水模拟改进越不明显。     

中尺度暴雨模式MRM 1作者简介及预报效果检验

介绍了近年来我们所研制的中尺度暴雨模式MRM1的基本情况及特点,以及对1998年,1999年和2001年6月、7月的降水集中时段进行的逐日降水预报试验及效果检验,并和美国著名中尺度模式MM5进行了同一时段降水预报检验的比较.结果表明,它是目前国内较好的中尺度暴雨预报模式,在暴雨预报方面较MM5也有一定优越性.     

中尺度暴雨模式MRM1简介及预报效果检验

介绍了近年来我们所研制的中尺度暴雨模式MRM1的基本情况及特点，以及对1998年，1999年和2001年6月、7月的降水集中时段进行的逐日降水预报试验及效果检验，并和美国著名中尺度模式MM5进行了同一时段降水预报检验的比较。结果表明，它是目前国内较好的中尺度暴雨预报模式，在暴雨预报方面较MM5也有一定的优越性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with