亚洲热带边缘海近20年热带风暴生成纬度与海温变化的趋势分析

亚洲热带边缘海包括阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、南海和西北太平洋.文中利用美国海军联合台风警报中心JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Center)提供的1979-2002年南亚热带边缘海域热带气旋资料和同时期NCAR/NCEP海表温度资料分析了热带气旋生成的纬度趋势.结果:伴随海温的升高,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南海的热带气旋生成最低纬度和平均纬度都有减小的趋势;西北太平洋的热带气旋生成纬度还有增大的趋势;对应低纬海温年际升高,热带气旋生成纬度有减小的年际振荡.     

亚洲热带边缘海近20年热带风暴生成纬度与海温变化的趋势分析

亚洲热带边缘海包括阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、南海和西北太平洋。文中利用美国海军联合台风警报中心JTWC（Joint Typhoon Warning Center）提供的1979—2002年南亚热带边缘海域热带气旋资料和同时期NCAR／NCEP海表温度资料分析了热带气旋生成的纬度趋势。结果：伴随海温的升高,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南海的热带气旋生成最低纬度和平均纬度都有减小的趋势;西北太平洋的热带气旋生成纬度还有增大的趋势;对应低纬海温年际升高,热带气旋生成纬度有减小的年际振荡。     

1998年～2007年热带气旋对我国沿海商船航线的影响分析

利用CMA提供的1998年～2007西北太平洋(含南中国海海域)热带气旋最佳路径资料,分析了影响我国沿海商船航线的热带气旋的10年时空变化规律.研究表明,与热带气旋的年生成个数变化率相比,热带气旋对我国沿海商船航线的影响频次相对比较稳定,其中进入东海水域的热带气旋对沿海商船航线的影响最为频繁,影响严重的区域为宁德、福州到香港、汕尾一带沿海水域.影响研究区域的热带气旋的个数及其占西北太平洋总生成气旋的百分比均为下降趋势,但是热带气旋影响时间成增长趋势.     

西北太平洋生成热带气旋的年代际变化

为了分析热带气旋年代际变化的特征和造成这种变化的原因,利用西北太平洋编号台风资料对1949～2003年55 a的西北太平洋热带气旋特点进行分析,发现西北太平洋生成的热带气旋不管是频数还是生成位置都存在明显的年代际变化,根据热带气旋频数的年代际变化,把研究的55 a分成低频时期(LFP)和高频时期(HFP)分别加以考察.结果发现:热带气旋生成的高低频时期海气条件存在明显的差异,HFP的海温、对流、涡散度和切变条件都有利于西北太平洋热带气旋的生成,而LFP则明显存在物理量场的相反异常.这表示HFP的海气环境相比LFP更有利于热带气旋生成,说明了变化的海气条件是引起热带气旋频数和生成位置年代际变化的主要原因.     

1949—2008年热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次

为分析西北太平洋(含南中国海域)热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线影响频次的时间和空间分布规律,利用CMA提供的1949-2008年热带气旋最佳路径资料,采用统计和趋势分析等方法进行分析研究.结果表明,热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响频次存在较明显的盛衰周期性波动,其中盛期持续时间(6年左右)只有衰期持续时间(12年左右)的一半左右;每年8月西北太平洋热带气旋对中国沿海商船舫线的影响最为频繁,7月份所生成的热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线造成影响的可能性最大.热带气旋对中国沿海商船航线的影响主要集中在海南至台湾海峡一带沿海水域,其中影响次数最多的为海南省以东18°N-21°N沿海水域,影响频次最高区域有明显的向北漂移的趋势.     

近58年登陆广东热带气旋位置和生成源地的变化

 根据1949-2006年《台风年鉴》和《热带气旋年鉴》资料,采用统计方法分析了近58 a登陆广东及各区域热带气旋的频数、时间、强度及其与生成源地的关系,主要结论如下：① 近58年登陆热带气旋最多（少）集中于粤西西区（粤东中区）,7-9月是各区登陆高峰期,其中粤西和珠三角呈现出弱的下降趋势,而粤东无明显变化趋势。② 登陆热带气旋生成源地具有明显的季节分布特征,大部分热带气旋从5月开始生成,随后源地逐渐向东向北扩大,9月达到最东和最北位置,从10月开始逐步南移和西移。但各区登陆时间与发生源地的关系无明显规律性。③ 登陆广东不同强度的热带气旋,其生成区域也不同：登陆时达到热带气旋等级的集中生成于南海、菲律宾海盆和加罗林群岛,登陆时达到热带低压和热带风暴等级的主要生成于南海,登陆时达到强热带风暴和超强台风等级的生成于西太平洋。各区均以强热带风暴和台风登陆居多、热带低压和热带风暴较少,登陆粤东的强度强于粤西。南海地区生成的热带气旋以登陆粤西最多,其次是珠三角,登陆珠三角和粤东的超强台风源地较粤西偏南偏东。登陆粤西和粤东的热带气旋源地分布于在西北—东南走向的带状分布区间内,而珠三角较为分散。     

2000-2008年西北太平洋热带扰动的时空分布特征

利用热带气旋预警资料(WX-TROPL),统计了2000-2008年西北太平洋热带扰动的频数和时空分布,发现2000-2008年西北太平洋共生成热带扰动596个,有456个集中在夏半年(5-10月),并在8月份达到峰值(年均11.6个).全年热带扰动生成于季风槽内的有369个.热带扰动的平均发展率为43.8%,其中在8...     

登陆中国热带气旋路径的年代际变化

利用1951~2002年热带气旋年鉴资料,将52年分成ID1(1951~1979年)和ID2(1980~2002年)两个年代际时段,研究西北太平洋7~9月登陆中国热带气旋路径的年代际变化.结果表明,登陆中国热带气旋存在明显的月际、年际和年代际变化,从ID1到ID2,热带气旋路径频数在东海和菲律宾海明显下降,而在南海略微有所上升.东海和南海热带气旋路径频数的时间序列进一步揭示了20世纪70年代末期热带气旋路径频数位置的变化.     

我国近海热带气旋迅速加强活动特征及其与 ENSO 的关系

利用 1949?2006 年西北太平洋热带气旋资料, 对强度迅速加强过程(12小时热带气旋中心附近最大风速增值≥10 m/ s) 发生在我国近海范围内的热带气旋进行了统计分析。总结了近海迅速加强热带气旋地理分布特点、发生时间和强度分布特征, 以及近海迅速加强热带气旋活动与 ENSO 的关系, 并简要分析了ENSO 以及近海热带气旋起源位置对近海迅速加强热带气旋活动的影响机制。     

热带和副热带大气准双周振荡特征对西北太平洋台风路径的影响

根据美国联合台风预警中心热带气旋的数据(1979—2010年)以及NCEP/NCAR再分析风场和高度场的资料,从气候学角度分析了近32年夏季西北太平洋3类路径台风的大气准双周振荡的特征,并合成分析了6~10月3类路径台风生成时刻的原始环流、低频环流以及QBWO周期内低频环流的演变过程,结果表明:对流层低层至中层的大气存在明显的10~20 d准双周振荡特征,这对西北太平洋台风路径的预报有很好的指示作用;低频环流的演变特征表明,在西北太平洋地区,QBWO是通过低频气旋和低频反气旋来影响南海的季风槽以及副热带高压的强度和位置,进而对台风的生成位置和移动路径产生影响;菲律宾以东低纬度地区生成的低频气旋易于台风的生成,低频气旋的正涡度带走向和移动趋势预示着台风未来的移动方向;另外,在副热带地区同样存在着一支自西向东传播的大气准双周振荡波列,热带与副热带大气准双周振荡的相互作用对台风的路径产生了重要影响,这对台风路径的预报有较好的参考意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to