功率器件主动热控制的PI参数优化方法

为了提高功率器件结温控制精度,提出了功率器件主动热控制的参数优化方法。基于功率器件主动热控制原理和热网络模型,构建比例-积分(PI)参数优化的目标函数。利用遗传算法对目标函数进行求解,获得最优PI参数。为了验证方法的有效性,以功率MOSFET构成单相全桥电路,以电流动态限幅为手段,在不同的电流限幅最大值、器件初始结温和环境温度等情况下,对功率器件进行了主动热控制仿真与实验。结果表明,该文PI参数优化方法能够提升功率器件结温控制准确性。     

用于电动助力转向系统的控制逻辑电路

为在电动助力转向系统中实现对电机有效的控制与保护，介绍一种用于电动助力转向系统的控制逻辑电路．电路采用两组场效应管(VMOS管)作为功率开关器件，并组合门电路与正反转控制电路可方便、可靠地实现对功率开关的控制，解决正、反向开关的“错位”问题．采用脉宽调制电路和过电流保护电路，通过调整输出扭矩可达到理想的助力效果并防止电机损坏．并对该电路进行仿真，仿真结果表明该电路简单、可靠、可行．     

基于智能功率模块的开关磁阻电机控制器设计

针对开关磁阻电机控制器采用分立功率元件外围驱动电路复杂,可靠性较低的状况,本控制器系统功率变换器采用基于智能功率模块的＂H＂桥式主电路,与采用分立的功率器件相比,硬件电路更为简单可靠,改善了电机工作性能.同时,电机在低速和中速阶段采用不同的斩波模式,改善了电机运行效果.在调速控制方法上采用转速外环,电流内环的双闭环PI...     

便携式太阳能发电系统设计

介绍了便携式太阳能发电系统的组成,直流变换模块和逆变模块中主电路和控制电路的设计,给出了电路中各主要器件的具体参数,并给出实验结果。直流变换主电路采用带高频变压器的推挽电路、全桥整流和滤波电路。控制电路采用专用的脉宽调制集成电路芯片;逆变电路采用全桥逆变电路和滤波电路。控制电路采用AVR单片机,产生单极性正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)的控制信号,使主电路输出标准的正弦波交流电压。     

高压大容量链式STATCOM中IEGT功率模块的仿真分析

为了提高链式STATCOM的运行性能和可靠性,针对用于高压大容量STATCOM链节中的新型大功率器件IEGT功率模块进行仿真研究。依据生产厂家所给的典型IEGT导通特性曲线,采用线性插值方法,分析了工程中设备实际运行温度的IEGT导通特性;建立了IEGT功能模型。根据实际工程设计参数对带有缓冲电路的IEGT功率模块进行了仿真分析,讨论缓冲电路参数变化的影响。结果表明,功率模块缓冲电路中电容和电感参数变化对IEGT关断电压尖峰影响大,电阻增大尖峰的峰值明显增大,而出现尖峰的时间基本不变,这一结果可以作为STATCON工程设计中器件选用和缓冲参数优化设计的参考。     

基于双PWM变频调速的矿井提升机控制系统的研究

矿井提升机是煤矿生产的重要设备之一,其调速性能的可靠性和安全性直接影响煤矿安全生产。本文提出了将双PWM变频调速技术应用到矿井提升机控制系统中。系统主电路为交-直-交电路拓扑结构,在整流侧采用PWM可逆整流,在逆变侧采用直接转矩控制,构建了电能双向流动控制系统,从而实现提升机的节能降耗。该系统具有动态性能良好、功率因素高、控制精度高等优点。最后,本文在MATLAB软件中,建立了仿真模型并进行动态仿真,仿真结果验证了系统的正确性和可行性。     

基于TL494的双向Buck-Boost BDC高效开关电源设计

该文双向DC-DC变换器(BDC)的设计由PWM控制、驱动、功率变换及测控4大部分组成。PWM控制以TL494为控制核心,闭环调节电路占空比;PWM驱动由IR2111构成,驱动同步整流电路的开关管;功率变换采用同步整流电路为功率变换拓扑,实现DC-DC双向高效功率变换;测控电路以MSP430单片机为控制器,结合电流、电压采样电路,控制电路输出参数并显示。系统具有过流、过压保护功能,并能通过MSP430单片机实现高精度的程控。测试结果表明,采用同步整流电路能较好完成DC-DC功率双向变换,双向功率变换效率均达到95以上,同时还具有很强的抗扰动能力。     

基于开关电源的智能电瓶车充电系统研究

为解决现今市面上使用的电瓶车充电系统的充电电压与电瓶车型号不匹配而对电瓶车电容产生损害的问题,提出一种新型电瓶车充电系统。该充电系统使用NCP1654 作为核心控制芯片,采用开关直流升压电路( Boost: Boost Converter or Step-up Converter) 拓扑作为主电路,利用新型碳化硅半导体器件作为主开关器件,完成了电瓶车充电系统中交流转直流部分的设计制作。供电侧的交流电压从180 ～ 260 V 变化时,设备均可正常运行。此智能电瓶车充电系统输出两路直流电压42 V 和27 V,最大输出电流均为2 A,负载调整率为0． 1,输出噪声纹波电压峰-峰值小于1． 5 V。充电设备中有可靠的保护电路,可以防止启动时尖峰电压和浪涌电流对电路的冲击。考虑到电瓶车充电系统的用户体验感,选择触摸屏作为操作界面。此外,利用STM32 开发板检测输出电压电流,控制充电系统输出电压幅值。经测试,该电瓶车充电系统各项指标都达到了设计要求,可投入使用。     

缓冲电路在逆变器中的应用

该文主要对RCD缓冲电路的工作原理和参数设计进行了阐述,并深入分析了缓冲电路在逆变器中的应用。缓冲电路软化了逆变器功率器件的开关过程,降低了器件的开关损耗和电磁干扰,避免了器件的二次击穿,使功率器件工作在安全工作区内,提高了电路的可靠性。     

混合封装电力电子集成模块内的传热研究

采用混合封装电力电子集成模块的热模型对模块内功率电路向驱动保护电路印刷电路板(PCB)的传热进行了研究，确定了功率器件在不同的发热量下器件和驱动保护电路PCB上的最高温度．实体模块的测试结果与热模型的计算结果良好的一致性表明：功率器件到模块内铜基板底面间的热阻为0．45℃／w；驱动保护电路PCB受功率电路的传热影响显著；在自然对流散热的情况下，功率器件的温度达到85℃左右时，PCB上的最高温度已接近70℃，此时功率器件的发热量为45W．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with