山西岩溶泉研究进展与前瞻

山西是我国北方岩溶分布最广的省份,有19个岩溶大泉,岩溶水成为山西重要的供水水源。从泉流量变化趋势、降水补给及时滞、岩溶水资源评价、水化学及环境同位素、脆弱性、采煤及工程建设对岩溶水影响、泉域子系统划分、保护管理措施等方面对山西岩溶泉的研究进展进行了综述。结果表明,山西部分泉域岩溶水水质已不同程度地遭受污染,人类活动和气候变化分别是影响岩溶泉的主要因素和次要因素,人类活动对岩溶泉影响的主要行为为过度开采岩溶水及采煤排水等。因此,建议加强岩溶泉水保护,并指出了山西岩溶泉未来研究的重点领域,可为山西岩溶水的可持续开发利用提供科学依据。     

论山西岩溶泉水及其开发利用问题

本文重点阐述了山西岩溶水的地质地理概况及岩溶水的类型,并分析了泉水污染,盲目扩泉、泉水浪费等现象,进一步提出如何合理地开发利用的问题。     

娘子关泉域岩溶水环境问题及其保护对策

娘子关泉域岩溶水是阳泉市的主要供水水源，但是近年来，岩溶地下水水位下降、水质污染、泉水衰减等问题日益严重。分析了影响娘子关泉域岩溶水环境的主要因素，提出了保护岩溶水资源的对策。     

重庆金佛山不同高度岩溶发育特征的差异研究

通过对金佛山山体不同高度的岩溶泉和土壤CO2的观测资料的分析,揭示了气温、降水等因素对岩溶发育的影响。观测资料表明:同山顶地区相比,海拔较低的地区,由于温度较高,岩溶土壤CO2的含量高且释放速率大,泉水的pH值较低,HCO-3高,其岩溶作用比山顶强,而山顶虽然降水比山下多,但是岩溶作用较弱。因此,在不同的环境条件下,岩溶作用强弱不同,岩溶发育形态特征也不同。     

龙子祠泉岩溶水流量衰减原因及防治对策

从自然和人为因素两方面,分析了龙子祠泉流量衰减的主要原因是大气降水量的减少、岩溶地下水开采量的增加以及由于煤矿开采大量抽排岩溶地下水,提出了建立水源保护区、完善监测体系、开展采矿排水利用研究、加强岩溶水的人工补给等对策,以保护好龙子祠泉水资源。     

基于模糊相似优先比法的济南四大泉群补给来源

为维持济南四大泉群持续喷涌,探明泉水的补给来源尤为重要.以补给区岩溶水与泉水水化学特征为依据,利用模糊相似优先比法确定趵突泉、黑虎泉、潭西泉、珍珠泉模糊相似优先顺序,结合泉群出露区地质、水文地质条件以及泉水水质、水温、水位、电导率数据,对四大泉群补给来源进行研究.可以得出:①泉水主要受东南、西南、正南方向岩溶水补给,且四大泉群主要受到寒武系张夏组岩溶水以及寒武系凤山组-奥陶系岩溶水混合补给;②趵突泉接受西南、正南、东南方向奥陶系岩溶水补给较多,黑虎泉接受其东部以及正南方向奥陶系岩溶水补给较多,潭西泉接受西南、正南方向寒武系岩溶水补给较多,珍珠泉主要接受东南寒武系岩溶水补给;③四大泉群泉水形成模式不同,趵突泉泉群与黑虎泉泉群主要表现为寒武系凤山组-奥陶系岩溶水通过局部侵入岩的天窗喷出排泄,其循环深度较浅,属于侵蚀成泉.五龙潭泉群和珍珠泉泉群主要表现为寒武系张夏组岩溶水通过侵入岩裂隙喷出地表,其循环深度较深,属于接触带成泉.四大泉群补给来源的研究,为泉水保护工作提供了科学依据.     

表层岩溶带岩溶泉的水化学动态变化及其环境效应--以马山弄拉兰电堂为例

利用多参数自动记录仪对马山弄拉兰电堂泉的降水量、水位、水温、pH值、电导率和Ca^2 含量进行了自动监测,结果发现;泉水在夏季降雨期间pH值呈降低趋势,同时电导率和Ca^2 含量也降低,该现象的发生主要是由雨水的稀释作用造成的;在冬季这种干旱环境中的水化学变化规律主要是泉水在白天温度升高时出现电导率升高,pH降低．同时通过对K^ ,Ca^2 等离子的监测可以了解石山地区植被的生长并不是由于土壤中必需元素背景值低而受到限制,而是由于表层岩溶带具有较高的裂隙和渗透率造成大量有益元素的流失影响作物的生长．因此,通过此次研究不但可以进一步了解表层岩溶泉的水化学动态变化规律及其产生的环境效应,而且还能为石山地区在生态治理以及水土保持上提供一定的理论依据．     

岩溶流域泉流量的分数阶模型

根据岩溶流域泉流量与河流流域出口流量过程物理机制的相似性,解释了泉流量对降雨的响应关系.并以稳定分布为基础,将岩溶流域的泉流量衰减公式的衰减核函数进行改进,得到了具有偏态性和拖尾分布的泉流量衰减公式,并推导出了分数阶泉流量衰减方程.当分数阶指数为1时,方程退化为传统的流量方程,当分数阶指数小于1时,该方程描述了泉流量曲线的偏态性和拖尾分布,更具有一般性.为解决分数阶流量方程求解困难,提出了利用傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换求衰减核函数的方法.将该模型应用于桂林丫吉岩溶试验场的泉流量模拟,结果表明,新的模型能够模拟出泉流量曲线的偏态性及拖尾分布.     

枣庄十里泉域岩溶水资源问题及保护对策研究

枣庄十里泉是中国北方典型岩溶泉之一。近年来,随着泉域自然条件改变和人类活动强度的加剧,一系列岩溶水文地质环境问题凸显,对人民健康,供水安全,工、农业生产安全乃至社会安全提出了严峻挑战。本文叙述了枣庄十里泉域的岩溶水问题,并从可持续发展的角度提出了岩溶水资源保护措施,对指导枣庄十里泉乃至中国北方岩溶泉地区合理开发利用水资源,建设可持续性发展岩溶泉系统有重要的作用。     

金沙江白鹤滩水电站旱谷地料场岩溶发育特征及工程效应

巧家县旱谷地石灰石料场岩溶总体不发育,但开挖揭示有较大岩溶管道,查明岩溶发育的规律对料场下一步开采布局具有现实意义。通过对料场及其周边的实地调查、钻孔揭露及物探,对地下岩溶以及地表岩溶分布特征及位置进行统计,结合构造、岩性、水文及地貌等地质特征对岩溶发育机理进行分析讨论,认为特殊水文条件下可以在岩溶发育较差地区发育岩溶异常带"。主要结论如下:①巧家旱谷地斜坡由于地表支沟发育,地表水无法聚集,地表岩溶不发育。②料场上方缓坡平台后缘有一断层泉,流量约1. 8 L/s,泉水出露后又在该平台渗入地下,使得料场区地下岩溶较地表发育;旱谷地平台后缘保存有菩萨洞和蝙蝠洞,为当时溶洞的出口。③地下岩溶通道首先在普家村平台断层泉渗入地下,沿中梁子沟发育切层陡倾坡外的"垂直"管道,直径约12 m,在1 400 m高程,顺层发育水平管道(层控),并在大弯子沟右岸菩萨洞及蝙蝠洞岩溶水排出地表;随着旱谷地台面的抬升,现今岩溶管道仍然以垂直管道向金沙江谷底方向排泄,出口在巧家县城龙潭一带。④由于管道及其附近塌陷及溶洞角砾、次生泥充填,危岩垮塌严重,不能满足石料质量要求,料场区有用料储量减少10%～15%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.