高速高精度数控系统速度平稳控制策略

针对加工段长度限制达不到指令进给速度的复杂情况,对传统的S型曲线加减速方法进行优化,得到半边S型加减速控制方法.对连续多段加工的不同情况,提出加速度连续衔接的方法,在保证加速度连续的同时,提高加工速度.通过仿真验证该方法对速度控制的效果.结果表明:该方法可以使速度曲线更加平滑,且能提高加工的整体效率,适合高速高精度数控加工的速度控制.     

基于分层递阶模型的多轴加工过程分析与运动度量规划

针对复杂曲面多轴数控加工过程的复杂性,提出了一种面向多轴加工的分层递阶构造模型,即利用铣削过程的几何、运动学与力学模型综合分析多轴加工规律.切削工件几何模型采用深度元素法,通过分析刀具与工件接触区域,得到刀具在不同瞬时的轴向范围及沿轴向各微元的切入角和切出角,转换为铣削力模型所需的几何信息,同时运动学模型又为几何与力学模型提供计算依据.采用序列二次规划法优化进给速度,使机床工作在多个约束条件的最大范围值内.五轴螺旋桨加工实验表明,在满足加工精度条件下,优化的进给速度使零件加工效率提高约20%.     

五轴加工中进给速度的多约束自适应控制策略

提出一种面向五轴铣削加工的球头刀几何与力学模型,采用该模型对加工速度进行优化,整个规划过程随刀具与工件接触区域的变化而不断优化;在虚拟环境中仿真五轴铣削加工过程,将其结果存储在刀路中的每个位置点上,通过PI控制器调整进给速度,使机床工作在多个约束条件的最大范围值以内,并采用时变增益和1个时间常量将优化过程递归拟合为一阶过程.整体叶轮粗加工实验结果表明,与传统经验值的方法相比,采用自适应优化进给速度后,零件的加工时间减少了约45%.     

小线段高速加工速度衔接数学模型

以直线加减速为例，导出了衔接进给速度的全部约束条件，建立了小线段高速加工速度衔接数学模型．以进给速度最大为目标，提出了一种求解衔接进给速度近似最优解的新方法．该方法以给定的最大预处理段数为条件，能够根据小线段路径的具体形状和长短，在指定的最大预处理段范围内寻找最优解．仿真结果表明，本数学模型和求解方法能实现进给速度的高速衔接，从而大大提高加工效率．     

铝材电火花线切割加工工艺的改进

为了解决铝材电火花线切割加工中馈电块磨损严重、铝屑粘丝、断丝及工件表面质量差等问题,以铸造铝合金ZL102为样品,通过与碳素工具钢T8的对比实验,对铝合金线切割工艺技术参数进行了优化.研究表明,适当加大脉冲宽度、增加脉冲间隙、提高皂化油乳化液浓度以及设置合理的进给速度,能够很好地解决铝材线切割中存在的问题.     

基于规则和混合算法的智能STEP-NC微观工艺规划

为解决STEP-NC微观工艺规划智能性差和效率不高的问题,提出一种基于规则和混合算法的智能STEP-NC微观工艺规划方法.首先,采用本文提出的基于规则的加工资源匹配算法,为每一加工工步匹配相应的机床和刀具;然后,以最短换刀时间为优化目标,采用混合算法 (混沌算法和遗传算法) 对STEP-NC加工工步序列进行优化;最后,以最少加工时间和最低加工成本为优化目标,通过混合算法对STEP-NC加工工艺参数进行优化,进而得到最优的STEP-NC微观工艺规划.通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

复杂曲面加工过程多约束自适应进给率控制策略

建立了基于过程约束和刀具运动分析的切削力精确预测模型,在此基础上提出了复杂曲面加工过程多约束的进给率自适应定制方法.基于刀具与工件的相对运动分析,并依据刀刃微元在切削过程中真实运动轨迹的解析表达,建立了精确计算未变形切屑厚度的理论模型,由此给出针对复杂曲面加工的任意刀具运动轨迹拓扑形状的铣削力计算公式.以切削力模型为基础,结合悬臂梁模型、应力模型和扭矩计算公式,给出进给率定制过程中的关键制约因素.以材料去除率最大化为目标,通过求解有约束极值问题实现进给率优化.实例验证表明该模型能够进行复杂曲面加工进给率自适应定制,优化后的进给率有利于在保证加工精度和安全的前提下实现加工效率的最大化.     

逐点比较法进给速度的稳恒研究

根据逐点比较法的控制原理，分析了在加工直线时，由于水平和垂直方向的进给只以串行方式工作，从而造成进给速度不稳恒．由此提出按照加工直线和水平方向的夹角大小，分别对进给速度采取不同程度的修正措施．从理论计算和实践上都证明了对进给速度不稳的分析是正确的，稳速的举措极其有效．速度的变化范围从原来的３０％缩小至１％．逐点比较法能适用于更大的加工范围．     

基于有限元仿真的Ti6A14V铣削过程参数建模与优化

为优化钛合金Ti6A14V铣削参数、提升铣削性能,基于有限元软件建立Ti6A14V的二维铣削仿真试验模型,研究控制参数铣削深度、铣削宽度、铣削速度、铣削进给速度对铣削力的影响;试验得到各控制参数对铣削力的作用大小以及各控制参数的最佳取值;以降低铣削能耗、提升金属表面去除效率为优化目标,构建铣削参数多目标优化模型,并基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法对该优化模型进行求解,获得Pareto解下最佳铣削参数取值范围.本研究可为类似加工过程的优化提供借鉴.     

微细电火花加工机床微进给机构的分析

微进给机构是微细电火花机床最重要的组成部分之一.运用直接耦合的方法,在ANSYS软件环境下,对微细电火花机床的微伺服系统中的高频响微进给机构进行了结构的静态分析和模态分析,得到该压电微进给机构的固有频率和振型以及在电压激励下的最大变形量,并据此设计加工出微进给机构.结果表明,所设计的微进给机构具有很高的固有频率,可以实现高精度、高频响进给,满足了微细电火花加工的要求.采用所设计的微进给机构进行的微细电火花加工获得了非常好的效果,加工效率大大提高,加工质量明显改善.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.