小晶粒多晶薄膜CuInSe2基太阳能电池平衡态的类非晶态特？…

沿用ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ中类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态描述小晶粒多晶薄膜ｐ－ＣｕＩｎＳｅ２禁带内连续分布局域态,揭示ｐ－ＣｕＩｎＳｅ２／ｎ－ＣｄＳ异质结太阳能电池热平衡态性质,讨论类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态参量Ｇｄｏ,Ｅｄ对异质结热平衡性质的,指出这种类非晶态特性分析方法将为进一步研究小晶粒多晶薄膜器件提供新途径。     

小晶粒多晶薄膜CuInSe_2基太阳能电池平衡态的类非晶态特性分析

沿用ａＳｉ：Ｈ中类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态描述小晶粒多晶薄膜ｐＣｕＩｎＳｅ２禁带内连续分布局域态,揭示ｐＣｕＩｎＳｅ２／ｎＣｄＳ异质结太阳能电池热平衡态性质,讨论类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态参量Ｇｄｏ,Ｅｄ对异质结热平衡性质的影响,指出这种类非晶态特性分析方法将为进一步研究小晶粒多晶薄膜器件提供新途径．     

a—Si：H p—i—n型太阳能电池中的载流子俘获效应：a—Si：H太阳能电…

本文基于我们的实验结果，应用Ｓｃｈａｒｆｅｔｔｅｒ－Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ解法数值求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，对经高强度光辐照过的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ｐ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池进行计算机数值分析。结果表明，随着光辐照发生的载流子俘获所造成的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ中空间电荷净增加或减少都会使电池内部电场分布产生变化和准中性区（低场“死层”）的出现。这是ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ｐ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池光致性能衰退的重要原因。于是，一条提高ａ－Ｓｉ     

a－Si：Hp－i－n型太阳能电池中的载流子俘获效应──a－Si：H太阳能电池稳定性研究

本文基于我们的实验结果，应用Ｓｃｈａｒｆｅｔｔｅｒ－Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ解法数值求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，对经高强度光辐照过的ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＰ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池进行计算机数值分析。结果表明，随着光辐照发生的载流子俘获所造成的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ中空间电荷净增加或减少都会使电池内部电场分布产生变化和准中性区（低场“死层”）的出现。这是ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈｐ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池光致性能衰退的重要原因。于是，一条提高ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ太阳能电池稳定性的新途径有可能被提出。     

有源层厚度对非晶硅薄膜晶体管特性的影响

研究了有源层ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ的厚度对ａ－Ｓｉ；ＨＴＦＴ特性的影响，研究结果表明，ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ层的厚度对ａ－Ｓｉ；ＨＴＦＴ的静态特性，（如开／关态电流比，阈值电压等）有较大的影响，理论分析表明，这是由于钝化怪固体电荷的有源层背面引入了背面空间电荷层造成的，详细分析了背面空间电荷怪的ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＴＦＴ特性的影响，提出了一个ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＴＦＴ有源层厚度优化设计的下限值，理论与实验相符合。     

准分子激光诱导下a—Si：H膜的电导率异常

用ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光器对ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ薄膜进行了低能量密度下的辐照处理,测量了激光辐照区内薄膜的电导率随能量密度与脉冲数的变化。研究表明,能量密度在７５ｍＪ／ｃｍ＾２附近的激光辐照可导致膜的电导率大幅度升高,这种电导率异常是膜表层形成了ｎｍＳｉ晶粒分散于ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ基底中的混合相的反映。     

a—Si／c—Si异质结太阳能电池制造中的技术分析

应用数值模拟方法计算ｐ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）／ｎ（ｃ－Ｓｉ）异质结和ｐ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）／ｉ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）／ｎ（ｃ－Ｓｉ）结－异质结太阳能电池的电场强度分布，指出异质结电池制造中对ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ膜厚的选择，进而对嵌入本征ｉ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）层的结－异质结太阳能电池设计进行分析并讨论其稳定性     

准分子激光诱导下 a-Si : H 膜的电导率异常

用ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光器对ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ薄膜进行了低能量密度下的辐照处理,测量了激光辐照区内薄膜的电导率随能量密度与脉冲数的变化．研究表明,能量密度在７５ｍＪ／ｃｍ２附近的激光辐照可导致膜的电导率大幅度升高,这种电导率异常是膜表层形成了ｎｍＳｉ晶粒分散于ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ基底中的混合相的反映．     

a—Si：HSchottky势垒太阳能电池结构中载流子俘获对电场的调制效应

本应用计算机数值模拟方法研究了ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＳｃｈｏｔｔｋｙ势垒太阳能电池结构中载流子俘获对电场的调制效应，结果表明，无论光生空穴或电子俘获都将改变电池中的电场分布，导致准中出现或扩大，从而减小了电池的载流子收集长度，这是引起ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＳｃｈｏｔｔｋｙ势垒太阳能电池光致性能衰退的一个重要原因。     

有源层厚度对非晶硅薄膜晶体管特性的影响

研究了有源层ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ的厚度对ａ－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ特性的影响．研究结果表明，ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ层的厚度对ａ－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ的静态特性（如开／关态电流比、阈值电压等）有较大的影响．理论分析表明，这是由于钝化层固定电荷在有源层背面引入了背面空间电荷层造成的．详细分析了背面空间电荷层对ａ－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ特性的影响，提出了一个ａ－Ｓｉ∶ＨＴＦＴ有源层厚度优化设计的下限值，理论与实验相符合     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with