冷弯薄壁型钢-OSB双向板组合楼盖试验研究

为了研究冷弯薄壁型钢与定向结构刨花板(oriented strand board, OSB)板连接而成的双向板组合楼盖的抗弯承载力性能,设计制作一个3.7 m×3.7 m的足尺组合楼盖试件,在四边简支条件下对其进行单调静力堆载试验,并建立了冷弯薄壁型钢-OSB板组合楼盖的非线性有限元分析模型。在此基础上,通过改变OSB板梁腹板高度、冷弯薄壁型钢板厚度与螺钉间距来分析各参数对组合楼盖受力性能的影响。试验结果表明：OSB板与冷弯薄壁型钢能够很好地协同工作,变形符合平截面假定。试件x与y两个方向上的组合承重梁荷载-挠度(P-Δ)曲线变化情况基本一致;随着梁腹板高度、钢板厚度的增加,组合楼盖的抗弯承载力明显增加;梁底冷弯薄壁型钢与OSB腹板的端部构造可以有效减小钢木接触截面的滑移变形。可见该组合楼盖双向受力性能良好,增加梁腹板高度,增大钢板厚度与适当减小螺钉间距均能提高楼盖的承载能力。     

木质组合梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过12根矩形截面梁、24根T型组合梁和6根工字型组合梁,共计42根木质梁试件的2点加载受弯试验,研究了木基结构板—矩形截面木搁栅组合梁的抗弯性能.结果表明,木质梁试件破坏前能产生较大的变形,最终破坏主要有4种模式:纯弯段腹板弯曲破坏、沿腹板顺纹方向劈裂破坏、弯剪区沿腹板截面高度剪切破坏和梁端部局部扭转.木质组合梁中连接翼缘与腹板的钉连接节点在梁受弯时滑移变形较小,因此其能有效地传递翼缘与腹板之间的组合作用.T型组合梁与矩形截面梁相比,刚度和承载力有明显增加,工字型组合梁与T型组合梁相比,受弯性能进一步提高.因此可按组合梁理论进行更加合理的木楼盖相关设计.     

冷弯薄壁型钢-细石混凝土组合梁抗弯性能研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-细石混凝土组合梁的抗弯性能,对3个不同抗剪构造的组合梁进行了单调静载试验,考察了组合梁的破坏形式、承载能力等.组合梁的破坏特征为托梁腹板剪切破坏并出现扭转,托梁上翼缘屈服、部分抗剪螺钉拔起、混凝土出现贯通裂缝继而组合梁发生整体破坏.试验结果表明：设置抗剪件对组合梁极限承载力无显著影响但可提高组合梁抗弯刚度.建立ANSYS有限元模型进行数值模拟,并对验证后的有限元模型进行变参数分析,研究结果表明：减小螺钉间距、提高钢材强度、增加托梁腹板高度、增加混凝土厚度均会提高组合梁承载力.最后,基于考虑托梁腹板高度、螺钉间距等影响因素修正系数η,提出了组合梁抗弯极限承载力公式,并与试验结果、有限元结果对比,验证了公式的正确性.     

胶合竹木工字梁受弯性能的试验研究

提出了一种以OSB为腹板骨架,OSB板外用环氧树脂胶黏剂和钉子连接竹集成材而成的胶合竹-木工字梁.以竹-木工字梁的腹板高度、剪跨比及加劲肋为参数,对24根竹-木工字梁的结构性能进行研究.分析了工字梁试验全程的破坏形态和破坏机理,探讨了其极限承载力、延性和抗弯刚度等,并研究影响其结构性能的因素.研究结果表明,竹-木工字梁整体工作性能优良,跨中截面应变沿梁高方向仍基本符合平截面假定,其极限承载力与截面高度、剪跨比和加劲肋有关.当剪跨比小于2.0时,组合梁出现了明显的剪压破坏特征,剪跨比越大,极限承载力呈显著下降趋势.加劲肋能显著提高工字梁的极限承载力,提高幅度为3.4%~38.0%,对极限位移的提高幅度约为1.7%~12.6%.加劲肋增强后的工字梁的初始抗弯刚度亦有大幅提高,提高幅度为10%~30%,腹板越高,增幅越大.     

单调荷载下体外预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的受力性能

基于3根模型梁试件的单调静力试验,对体外预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的受力性能进行了研究.研究表明:施加体外预应力可以有效提高组合梁的抗弯承载力,但试件的延性有所降低;试件纯弯段截面应变分布符合平截面假定;增大栓钉间距可以提高试件的极限变形能力,但对其抗弯承载力的影响不大;试件的抗剪连接程度越低,达到极限荷载时栓钉滑移值越大.结合试验并通过有限元建模,分析了混凝土强度等级、有效预应力、预应力筋线型、栓钉间距等对体外预应力组合梁受力性能的影响.最后,在考虑了预应力筋作用的基础上,提出了体外预应力组合梁抗弯承载力的简化计算方法,该方法可为体外预应力组合梁的设计计算提供参考.     

腹板开洞连续组合梁受力性能 试验研究与有限元分析

为研究腹板开洞连续组合梁的受力性能,对6根组合梁试件进行了试验研究与有限元分析,其中5根为腹板开洞梁,1根为腹板无洞梁。研究内容为组合梁极限承载力、混凝土板和钢梁受力全过程的截面剪力分布规律。结果表明:与腹板无洞组合梁相比,腹板开洞使组合梁的极限承载力得到明显削弱;洞口范围内混凝土板截面承担的剪力随着荷载的增加而不断增大;而在无洞梁段,钢梁承担的剪力比混凝土板承担的剪力要大,说明现行《钢结构设计规范》有关组合梁抗剪计算的相关条文已不适应于腹板开洞组合梁。     

轻钢-定向刨花板组合楼盖抗弯性能

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-OSB双向板组合楼盖的抗弯承载力性能,提出了一种将冷弯薄壁型钢和OSB板用自攻螺钉连接组成的新型组合双向受力楼盖。对足尺的楼盖进行单调静力堆载试验,观察组合楼盖的应变、挠度的变化趋势及整体破坏过程,研究试件的组合性能及承载力性能。通过ABAQUS有限元软件完成对四边简支条件下组合楼盖抗弯性能的模拟,对比有限元计算结果与试验结果,提出了双向板组合楼盖抗弯承载力的计算方法,同时推导出双向板组合楼盖挠度计算公式。结果表明：冷弯薄壁型钢-OSB双向板组合楼盖承载能力良好,有限元分析结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了有限元模型的正确可行性;理论分析计算结果较为符合实际试验结果,可以用于实际工程设计与计算。     

钢-混凝土预制板组合梁的组合性能

通过制作了12个推出试件,研究了栓钉连接件在不同工作环境下的抗剪承载力及其抗滑移性能;并对不同孔型、不同抗剪连接度的3根钢-混凝土预制板组合梁进行了静力性能试验,对比分析了钢-混凝土预制板组合梁的荷载-滑移、荷载-挠度、荷载-组合梁全截面应变及截面整体工作性能.结果表明:预留后灌孔为方孔推出试件的栓钉承载力比圆孔好;孔内填充混凝土强度对栓钉承载力影响很大,孔内混凝土强度高则栓钉承载力好;3根试验梁的截面应变分布满足平截面假定的要求,且均为弯曲破坏形式;组合梁具有良好的组合效应及受弯性能,完全抗剪连接的组合梁与部分抗剪的承载力接近,但完全抗剪组合梁钢梁与混凝土板界面间得滑移值明显小于后者.本文结果将增进对钢-混凝土预制板组合梁的理解和认识,为今后改进该类型梁工程设计提供有价值的参考.     

冷弯薄壁型钢加劲腹板错列开孔柱轴压承载力研究

通过ABAQUS有限元软件对冷弯薄壁型钢加劲腹板错列开孔柱的轴压性能进行了研究. 通过比较试验和有限元分析获得的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线以及极限承载力,发现二者具有良好的一致性,从而验证了有限元模型的准确性. 基于验证的有限元模型,分析了开孔间距、孔型、长细比、腹板加劲肋板件高度以及翼缘宽厚比等对冷弯薄壁型钢加劲腹板错列开孔柱的受力性能的影响. 结果表明：所有构件的破坏模式均以畸变屈曲失效破坏为主. 增加错列开孔之间的间距可提升构件的极限承载力,且错列开孔构件的承载力相较并排开孔的构件可提升10%以上. 孔型对构件的极限承载力影响较小. 随着腹板加劲肋板件高度的增加,构件的极限承载力总体呈上升趋势. 相较V形加劲截面构件,Σ形加劲截面构件的极限承载力提升约6.5%. 随着构件长细比的增大和翼缘宽厚比的增加,构件的极限承载力均会有所下降.     

腹板嵌入式组合梁抗剪性能试验

通过6个嵌入式组合梁抗剪试件的试验,观测组合梁受剪破坏过程,研究腹板嵌入式组合梁竖向抗剪承载力的各影响因素.试验表明,嵌入式组合梁的抗剪承载力和钢梁腹板截面、混凝土翼板截面、混凝土强度等级、混凝土翼板剪跨比有关.基于试验结果,通过参数回归分析,拟合出混凝土翼板的抗剪承载力的计算公式.考虑到弯剪相互作用,提出了嵌入式组合梁受剪承载力简化计算方法;分析了钢板连接件在嵌入式组合梁受剪时的实际受力.结果表明.钢板连接件具有较高的承载力,易于在组合梁中实现完全抗剪连接.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-