二维单裂隙-孔隙双重介质的核素迁移数学模型及参数反演

探讨了二维单裂隙-孔隙双重介质系统中的核素(以90Sr为例)迁移数学模型及其参数反演问题。该核素迁移模型是一个耦合的抛物型方程组定解问题。若已知排污点的核素浓度变化规律,利用傅立叶变换及Saul’yev不对称差分格式,求得了核素迁移模型正问题的解。反之,由下游裂隙中某位置的实测核素浓度,利用遗传算法,反求出核素迁移模型中的地质参数,即裂隙介质水动力弥散系数D1和裂隙平均渗流速度u。最后,给出核素迁移模型的正问题和反问题的数值模拟。数值结果表明,正问题能够刻画核素的迁移规律,也显示出所提反问题方法能有效地反演核素迁移模型中的地质参数。     

低中放废物处置场的岩体渗透特性分析

在基岩地区，研究地下水运动特征和污染物迁移的前提条件是研究基岩介质中裂隙的分布特征和裂隙岩体的渗透性能，其中包括导水裂隙优势方位研究、基岩裂隙水的活跃带分布研究和基岩裂隙渗透参数的计算。为此，结合我国西北某放射性废物处置场丰富的地质资料，对该处置场裂隙发育分布特征、导水裂隙优势方位及其渗透性参数进行了比较系统的分析。通过统计、分析、比较和计算发现，基岩裂隙水活跃带是核素向外界迁移的活跃通道，某低中放废物处置场内的导水裂隙有一个优势方位。并且还求出了某低中放废物处置场基岩裂隙的渗透系数张量。     

回填材料中核素迁移的数值模拟

核废地下处置的核心是使用多种工程/天然屏障来阻止、延迟核素从固化体向自然界、生物圈扩散,缓冲回填材料是延缓核素迁移的最后一道工程屏障。拟通过对多孔介质中核素迁移过程建模来描述核素在回填材料中的迁移过程。引入达西定律来描述渗流场,假定温度场为稳定场,且不考虑化学场对核素迁移的影响,设计并实现了基于有限元法和有限差分法的数值求解器,通过与短期核素扩散实验数据对比,预测的结果与实验数据基本吻合,可初步模拟得到核素在较长时间迁移之后在回填材料中的分布情况,为核废处置提供参考。     

单裂隙花岗岩中核素迁移的连续数学模型研究

研究了在饱和水流条件下。花岗岩单裂隙中核素迁移的连续注入数学模型,给出了裂隙中和岩块中核素浓度的解析解,并结合裂隙流出水样实验数据分析了影响核素迁移的主要参数。     

裂隙岩体核素迁移的稳态时间模型

将裂隙岩体渗流视为裂隙网络流 ,核素仅在岩体裂隙网络流中迁移 ;核素在迁移过程中同时存在吸附和解吸作用 .基于图论和单一裂隙渗流的立方定律 ,建立了裂隙岩体裂隙网络渗流模型 ;在此基础上 ,考虑核素在裂隙网络流中迁移时既被裂隙表面吸附同时又发生解吸 ,建立了裂隙岩体核素迁移的二维稳态平衡和非平衡时间模型     

宏观弥散度和阻滞系数对地下水中核素迁移模拟的影响

对宏观弥散度和阻滞系数的取值进行了理论分析,运用PHREEQCⅡ软件,以我国南方某铀水冶尾矿库为例,探讨了宏观弥散度和阻滞系数对地下水中核素迁移模拟的影响.研究表明:宏观弥散度和阻滞系数对大时空的核素迁移模拟影响显著.在其他条件相同的情况下,弥散度增大,受污染地下水中总U浓度开始降低的距离将缩短,但反而迁移得更远;随着阻滞系数的增大,同距离处234U的浓度将显著下降,但其迁移距离变短.要得到可靠的宏观弥散度和阻滞系数,可利用宏观参数与介质统计特性的关系求解介质宏观弥散参数,阻滞系数可由现场实验或实验室土柱实验直接测得.     

单裂隙岩体中核素迁移行为的有限元分析

用等效多孔介质模型模拟天然单裂隙岩体,以泛函变分法为基础,推导出在该系统中核素迁移的二维有限元模型.根据该模型编制了计算机程序,计算结果与实验值吻合较好.     

面向辐射环境监测的反康普顿γ能谱仪蒙特卡罗模拟研究

使用蒙特卡罗软件Geant4设计模拟了一套用于核事故等辐射环境监测的反康普顿γ能谱仪.主探测器采用HPGe探测器,选择新型闪烁体晶体LaBr3(Ce)作为次级探测器.利用Geant4对探测器系统进行模拟优化,确定最佳的探测器尺寸和结构.模拟的γ射线能量范围从500到1500keV.结果表明,增加主体LaBr3(Ce)晶体厚度能显著提升康普顿抑制系数,当主体LaBr3(Ce)晶体厚度达到60mm时,提升效果明显减弱;在HPGe探测器的后方添加LaBr3(Ce)晶体也能一定程度提升抑制效果,而在HPGe探测器的前方增加LaBr3(Ce)晶体厚度对康普顿抑制系数的提升非常有限.在最优化条件下模拟测量了放射性核素I-131,Cs-134,Cs-137和K-40,对发射单能γ射线的Cs-137和K-40康普顿抑制效果很好,对存在级联衰变的I-131和Cs-134抑制效果相对较弱.     

高放废物地质处置库安全评价的地球化学天然类比研究

某铀矿床中水－岩反应的时间范围和强度，可通过对铀天然衰变系放射性不平衡的研究得到半定量化。该铀矿床在形成５１Ｍａ以来，由于水－岩反应较弱，矿石中铀系核素并未发生远距离迁移。铀矿体及近矿岩石至今仍基本处于化学封闭状态。虽然岩石裂隙附近局部发生核素微弱迁移和沉淀，但由于裂隙细小且大多充填粘土等，向上迁移不足３５ｍ，且仅发生在于１０６～１０４ａ及至今时段内。类比研究结果表明，在无开启断裂的含裂隙花岗岩中处置高放废物是安全的     

裂隙介质溶质运移模型的数值模拟

考虑裂隙介质中溶质运移问题的数学模型,建立离散的广义差分格式,给出不同的裂隙介质阻滞系数下的数值算例,并将数值解与解析解进行比较;比较结果表明:利用所建广义差分格式求解裂隙介质中的溶质运移问题是可靠的,且该格式具有稳定性和可实用性,可以用来数值模拟更加复杂的裂隙介质中溶质运移的物理过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-