GaN纳米线的成核及生长机制研究

报道了利用CVD方法研究GaN纳米线的成核和生长机理的最新结果,着重强调了生长温度和催化剂对纳米线生长的影响。通过分析GaN纳 米线的形貌、显微结构与生长温度、催化剂等影响因素之间的依赖关系,详细研究了GaN纳米线的生长过程。这一结果有助于了解一维纳米结构的生长机理,实现纳米材料的可控制生长,并有可能直接应用于GaN纳米器件的制备。     

Mn掺杂GaN纳米条的制备和性质的研究

通过在1000℃下氨化锰掺杂Ga2O3薄膜制备了大量GaMnN纳米条。采用此法得到的剑状Mn掺杂GaN纳米条是六方纤锌矿结构,Mn的原子百分比是5.43%,纳米条的厚度大约为100 nm,宽度为200~400nm。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和荧光分光光度计(PL)用于表征所制备纳米条形貌及光学性质。室温下以325 nm波长的光激发样品表面,发现由于Mn的掺杂使GaN的发光峰有较大的红移。最后,简单讨论了GaN纳米条的生长机制。     

基于硅纳米孔柱阵列氮化镓纳米结构的光致发光特性

以硅纳米孔柱阵列(Si-NPA)为衬底,采用化学气相沉积技术在不同条件下制备了GaN/Si-NPA,并对其表面形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,随着制备温度和氨气流量的升高,GaN/Si-NPA中GaN纳米结构的形貌发生显著变化,特征尺寸逐渐变大.对样品光致发光谱的测试结果表明,不同温度制备的GaN/Si-NPA均具有紫外光、黄光和红光3个发光带,但发光带的强度、峰位和半高宽随制备温度发生变化.对GaN/Si-NPA的光致发光过程与发光机制进行了分析,通过改变制备条件可以对其光致发光特性实现有效调控.     

无电极光助化学腐蚀法制备GaN微/纳米结构及其物性研究

利用K2S2O8作为氧化剂,通过无电极光助化学腐蚀GaN外延层制备多种形貌的GaN微米/纳米结构.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、阴极射线发光图(CL mapping)、高分辨X射线衍射(HRXRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectra)和光致发光谱(PL)等先进的表征手段研究腐蚀样品的形貌、晶体结构和光学性质.结果表明:在高浓度的KOH(1 mol/L)和低强度的紫外光照下,腐蚀出高质量的腐蚀坑、微米/纳米柱和纳米线;在低浓度KOH(0.4 mol/L)和高强度的紫外光照下,制备出GaN棱锥,研究发现此微米/纳米锥体阵列为包裹了位错的GaN晶体.在腐蚀液KOH浓度低至0.1 mol/L时,GaN腐蚀样品表面形成大量的晶须,聚集成束,晶须揭露了位错;并探讨了多形貌微米/纳米GaN的形成机理.腐蚀温度和GaN外延层极性对腐蚀形貌也具有明显的影响.     

GaN掺杂Er~(3+)纳米颗粒的电子结构及光学性能分析

采用Material Studio软件模拟GaN掺杂稀土元素Er⁽³⁺⁾浓度在6.25%下的晶格结构,分析了掺杂GaN的光学特性,结论表明,掺杂后的GaN具有较好的发光性能.同时,实验上用氨还原法制备了3组掺杂GaN∶Er(3+)浓度在6.25%下的晶格结构,分析了掺杂GaN的光学特性,结论表明,掺杂后的GaN具有较好的发光性能.同时,实验上用氨还原法制备了3组掺杂GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾纳米颗粒.3组样品的X射线衍射结果均显示样品结构为六方纤锌矿结构,利用Scherrer公式,计算得到3组样品GaN∶Er(3+)纳米颗粒.3组样品的X射线衍射结果均显示样品结构为六方纤锌矿结构,利用Scherrer公式,计算得到3组样品GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾纳米颗粒的平均晶粒大小为25.9nm;测量了3组样品的GaN∶Er(3+)纳米颗粒的平均晶粒大小为25.9nm;测量了3组样品的GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾纳米颗粒的室温光致发光谱,获得了样品在可见光区(位于375(3+)纳米颗粒的室温光致发光谱,获得了样品在可见光区(位于375⁶50nm)的3个发光峰并对3组样品进行分析比较,分析了样品520nm的激发光谱.由光致发光谱得到的3条发光峰表明所制备的GaN∶Er650nm)的3个发光峰并对3组样品进行分析比较,分析了样品520nm的激发光谱.由光致发光谱得到的3条发光峰表明所制备的GaN∶Er⁽³⁺⁾具有较好的光学性能.理论和实验上确定了稀土E(3+)具有较好的光学性能.理论和实验上确定了稀土E⁽³⁺⁾离子掺杂GaN纳米颗粒的较合适的掺杂浓度为6.25%.     

图形化ZnO纳米杆的生长与表征

为了得到具有较好紫外发射特性的ZnO纳米杆阵列,以氢气腐蚀过的GaN薄膜为衬底,在较低的温度(105°C)下采用水浴法制备图形化ZnO纳米杆阵列。对制备的样品进行结构和形貌表征,并通过对比实验研究氢气腐蚀处理的影响。结果表明,氢气腐蚀过的GaN薄膜衬底,有利于形成致密、均匀、定向排列的ZnO六边形图案,符合螺旋位错驱使的生长机制。     

(Ba,Sr)TiO_3/Mg_xZn_(1-x)O核-壳复合陶瓷的制备及表征

纳米粒子由于具有大量的潜在应用,近年来已引起人们极大的关注.通过纳米复合技术(如制备核壳结构的纳米粒子)可以使其获得更多的特殊性质.以氢氧化钡、氢氧化锶、钛酸丁酯为主要原料,采用化学溶液法,在80℃左右的温度下制备了钛酸锶钡纳米晶.硝酸镁和硝酸锌的混合溶液同钛酸锶钡混合并超声搅拌,在室温下制备了具有核壳结构的(Ba,Sr)Ti O3/MgxZn1-xO(BST/MZO)纳米晶.x射线衍射(xRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)确定所制备样品为纯钙钛矿结构,透射电镜(TEM)表明产品的形貌是核壳结构小球,电子衍射图案进一步证实核和壳均是由十几个到几十个纳米的(Ba,Sr)Ti O3/MgxZn1-xO纳米晶组成的聚集体.采用常规的陶瓷制备技术获得具有核壳结构复合陶瓷,其介电性能明显改善.研究结果表明具有核壳结构的(Ba,Sr)Ti O3/MgxZn1-xO适合作为微波介电材料.     

室温固相合成形貌可控的CuO纳米晶及其表征

通过室温固相反应法成功制备出具有一维棒状和球型状的CuO纳米晶.研究结果表明,在反应过程中,表面活性剂对CuO纳米晶的形貌起着决定性的作用.当反应过程在表面活性剂聚乙二醇400液态环境中进行时,所制备的CuO为一维棒状纳米晶.纳米棒的直径为6～14 nm、长度为100～400 nm;当反应过程在表面活性剂聚氧乙烯9醚液态环境中进行时,则所制备的CuO为球形纳米粒子,纳米粒子的直径为4～11nm,平均直径为7 nm.用X射线粉末衍射和透射显微镜技术对所制备纳米晶的成分、晶相、形状和尺寸进行了表征分析.对不同形貌CuO纳米晶的形成机理作了深入的讨论,提出了CuO纳米棒的表面活性剂软模板诱导自组装生长机理.     

Ag纳米棒的控制合成

在多孔氧化铝纳米孔道内,乙二醇与Ag 反应生成银核,在一定温度下并经限域生长形成银纳米棒.用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及电子选区衍射(SAED)等检测手段对产物进行了表征.TEM形貌表明,制备的银纳米棒产量丰富,半径均匀,其长度约为200 nm,平均直径为60 nm,这与所用模板的孔结构相一致;SAED图表明银纳米棒是孪晶结构;XRD数据分析指出银纳米棒具有面心立方的晶体结构.     

在双羧离子化合物辅助下有序纳米结构PbWO4的制备及其荧光性能研究

该文分别以草酸钠、丁二酸钠、己二酸钠为PbWO₄纳米晶生长阶段的结构导向剂,采用直接沉淀法制备了具有有序纳米结构的PbWO₄,用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(IR)等技术手段对产物的结构进行了表征,研究了不同种类的双羧基阴离子对制备的PbWO₄纳米晶产物荧光性质的影响.PbWO₄有序纳米结构的形成可能原因是:双羧阴离子与PbWO₄纳米晶的某些晶面络合,进而影响到PbWO₄纳米晶的生长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-