悬挂式座椅与重型车的平顺性

一个简化的汽车－座椅－人体振动系模型以路面不平度为输入函数，计算系统及人体的振动响应，从而对平顺性作出评价。通过计算和试验讨论了改进汽车平顺性的途径，探讨了悬挂座椅的设计原则。实验证明，实现悬挂式座椅刚度的最佳选择是完全可能的。     

军用车辆悬挂系统热-机耦合特性研究

为解决军用车辆悬挂系统中减振器温升过高而漏油失效的问题,提出了全面的车辆悬挂系统机械动力学与其热学特性相互耦合模型.采用Matlab/Simulink建立此闭环正反馈系统的热机耦合模型,仿真计算得到某军用车辆在多种工况以及不同悬挂参数条件下的减振器温升特性曲线.研究结果表明:随着路面等级的下降,车速的提高,簧下质量和负重轮刚度的增大,减振器的温度升高加快;簧上质量和悬挂刚度对减振器温升特性无影响.     

微型汽车悬架的动态仿真分析

建立了微型汽车的两种四自由度动力学模型．其中，一种考虑车身纵向角振动；另一种不考虑车身纵向角振动．推导出了计算公式，编制了悬挂系统特性仿真计算的程序，并以长安微车为实例对加速度、相对动载、动挠度功率谱和加速度均方根值进行了不同路面的模拟计算．     

汽车悬架系统非线性阻尼的优化设计

以轿车后悬挂系统作为研究对象，将汽车简化成两个自由度的振动系统。采用改进的非高斯闭合法计算车辆在路面谱激励下车身振动加速度均方根值，车轮与路在间相对动载及悬架的穿越频率，在此基础上提出了一种对汽车悬架非线性阻尼进行优化设计的方法。该方法在汽车动态设计研究中具有一定的实用价值。     

汽车一般双轴悬架模型及其平顺性分析

对前后悬架幅频特性不同，悬挂质量分配系统不等于1的一般的汽车双轴悬架模型，由于前后悬架存在动力学上的耦合，单纯采用微分方程分析会出现困难，笔者采用动力学微分方程转化为状态方程的分析方法，将前后轮双输入折算为前轮单输入，从而方便地求出车身上任一点垂直加速度对前轮路面不平度速度输入的幅频特性和车身俯仰角加速度对前轮路面不平度速度输入的幅频特性，基于此方法，分析了不同的悬挂质量分配系数对一般双轴模型平顺性的影响。     

某大型运输车的时域平顺性仿真分析

为解决某大型运输车在运输过程中,车载精密仪器振动过大而影响其使用性能的问题,基于拉格朗日原理,建立了某大型运输车仪器-车-路耦合的19自由度振动动力学模型;利用白噪声模块,构建了随机路面激励时域模型;采用时域分析方法,分析了路面不平度、车速以及仪器悬置刚度阻尼对仪器振动加速度影响.并采用粒子群算法,对相关参数进行优化.研究表明:通过提高路面等级、选择适当的行车速度、适当的降低仪器悬置的刚度和阻尼,能够有效降低仪器的振动加速度,提高大型运输车的平顺性.      

基于三维动力学模型的重型卡车动态参数对平顺性的影响

为了研究重型卡车动态参数对驾驶员舒适性的影响,以路面随机不平度为激扰,以驾驶室座椅垂向、驾驶室的俯仰角和侧倾角的加权加速度均方根值为目标函数,建立了13自由度的三维动力学模型.采用Matlab/Simulink软件对整车模型进行仿真计算,分析了不同系统参数,如悬架、轮胎、驾驶室悬架和驾驶员座椅悬架的参数对驾驶员座椅垂向振动、驾驶室前后和左右晃动的影响.研究结果表明:悬架系统中刚度和阻尼参数的最佳匹配对车辆平顺性的影响非常明显;随着悬架系统和轮胎刚度的增加,车辆平顺性从优向劣转变,而随着悬架系统阻尼的增加,车辆平顺性呈现从劣转优现象.该研究为重型卡车悬架系统设计提供相应的理论依据.     

路面激励Simulink模型的建立及其应用*

为了在汽车动力学中应用路面激励,基于滤波白噪声方法建立了路面激励的描述。分析了Simulink白噪声生成模块,基于滤波白噪声描述建立了路面激励Simulink模型,确定了空间下截止频率。基于路面激励Simulink模型,建立了汽车两自由度振动四分之一系统Simulink模型,在城市行驶的B级路面和车速范围对车身加速度、悬架动挠度、车轮动载荷和车轮加速度的车速特性进行了仿真。研究结果表明,基于滤波白噪声描述建立的路面激励Simulink模型和汽车两自由度振动四分之一系统的Simulink模型,既可以再现路面激励,也可以用于分析汽车振动响应量的车速特性。     

悬挂系统阻尼非对称性对车身振动的影响

采用瞬态信号等效替换随机激励的方法,通过计算讨论车辆在路面随机激励下双作用减振器阻尼的非对称性对车身振动的影响,并讨论了车辆在路面冲击激励下阻尼非对称对车身振动加速度响应的峰值以及总能量的影响。     

不同平顺性评价指标对悬架最优阻尼比的影响

为研究不同汽车平顺性评价指标对悬架最优阻尼比的影响,以1/4汽车悬架线性模型为研究对象,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件建立路面不平度时域模型及悬架二自由度模型。首先仿真验证路面不平度时域模型的准确性;接着分别采用加速度均方根值和频率加权加速度均方根值作为平顺性评价指标计算最优阻尼比并进行比较,研究表明考虑加权作为评价指标的最优阻尼比小于未考虑加权作为评价指标的最优阻尼比,且两个评价指标下的最优阻尼比均与路面等级和车速无关;最后提出了同时考虑加权加速度均方根值、动挠度均方根值、车轮动载均方根值的综合平顺性评价指标,研究了基于该指标下不同路面不同车速的最优阻尼比,结果表明,采用综合平顺性评价指标时的最优阻尼比与路面等级和车速相关。研究结论为车辆悬架阻尼优化及控制提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-