固体醇燃料的研究

提出了制取以硬脂酸为胶凝剂和以甲醇为消烟剂的固体醇燃料的最佳配方和工艺条件。其配方为：乙醇的质量分数为４８％，硬脂酸的质量分数为２．８％，甲醇的质量分数为３９．５％，氢氧化钠的质量分数为量０．４％，水的质量分数为９．３％。其工艺条件是：反应釜的水浴温度为７２℃，机械搅拌转速为１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，硬脂酸的溶解时间为１５ｍｉｎ，加入甲醇后的混合时间为３０ｍｉｎ，加入氢氧化钠溶液后的反应与混合时间为４０ｍｉｎ。     

固体超强酸TiO2／SO4^2—催化合成丁酸异戌酯的研究

报道固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－作为催化剂进行了酸与异戌醇酯化反应的合成路线和工艺条件，实验结果表明；使用合适条件制备的固体超强酸ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４＾２－在１３５￣１４２℃，酸与醇比为１：２和适量（３％ｗｔ）催化剂下，反应１．５小时，丁酸异戌酯产率可达９０％左右。     

云南三种褐煤固体热载体新法干馏实验研究

云南三种褐煤样在１０ｋｇ／ｈ固体热载体新法干馏连续试验装置上进行了研究。煤样粒度＜２．５ｍｍ，煤样经过干燥并预热到１００－１２０℃，热载体粉焦温度为６００－７２０℃，干馏时粉焦与原料煤混合比为３－５，燃烧用空气预热温度为３５０℃，干馏温度范围５００－６５０℃。干馏焦油产率４－１４％，粗汽油产率 ０．５－０．８％，煤气产率 ９０－１９０ｄｍ３／ｋｇ，为中热值煤气，可作城市煤气用，半焦反应性好，可作无烟燃料。此工艺方法简单，投资省，生产费低。     

一种高效重质燃料油催化燃烧添加剂

研究开发并完成了一种高效重质燃料油催化燃烧添加剂的工业应用试验．试验表明，与不添加重质燃料油催化燃烧添加剂的运行工况相比，以1：2000的比例在重质燃料油中添加后，锅炉燃烧得到明显改善，日消耗燃料量稳定，烧嘴积碳消失，烟气中的碳黑(烟尘)量减少79．4％，氧含量降低16．7％，一氧化碳减少54．1％，二氧化碳增加19．7％，过剩空气系数降低16．0％，排烟温度降低10℃，排烟损失减少23．5％，锅炉效率提高5．2％，实际节油率为13．7％-20．0％之间．     

固体超强酸—阳离子树脂负载Al2Cl3催化合成乙酸乙酯

制备了固体超强酸－阳离子树脂负载ＡｌＣｌ３催化剂。探讨了催化乙酸与乙醇脂化反应的最佳工艺条件；催化剂乙本能和量为２８ｇ／ｍｏｌ，酸醇摩尔比为１：１．２￣１：１．５，反应温度７８℃，反应时间５．０ｈ，催化剂与反应物易分离和再生，连续催化活性基本保持不变。     

Zr-0．5-550固体碱催化大豆油制备生物柴油的研究

利用浸渍法,以ZrO2为载体,Na2CO3为负载物,制备了Zr-0．5-550固体碱纳米催化剂,考察催化剂制备条件对催化活性的影响,结果表明：nZs/nNs（物质的量比）为0．5,煅烧温度为550℃时,制备的催化剂的活性最佳．同时研究利用该催化剂催化大豆油制备生物柴油的工艺条件,结果表明：醇油物质的量比12：1、催化剂用量5．0％、反应时间4h和反应温度60℃,生物柴油的产率可达97．96％．该催化剂具有催化活性高和良好的重复使用性．     

复合型固体酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3催化合成马来酸三丁酯的研究

合成了新型的复合型无机固体酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3,并把它作为催化剂用于马来酸二丁酯的令成．考察了影响反应的因素．结果表明：固体酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3，的制备以0．05mol／L的H2SO4淋洗SO4^2-／ZrO2-MoO3固体酸基体，焙烧温度为500℃，催化剂用量以每摩尔酸酐0．5g为宜，酸酐／醇=1：4，反应时间为4h，酯化率可达99％以上．     

褐煤固体热载体干馏新技术工业性试验

在平庄建成褐煤固体热载体干馏新技术（ＤＧ）工业试验装置。热的粉焦作为热载体。装置干馏褐煤能力为１５０ｔ／ｄ．ＤＧ法工艺含煤流化提升干燥、煤焦混合加热干馏、流化提升加热粉焦和流化燃烧等过程。在该装置上进行陕庄褐煤干馏试验。反应器的干馏温度达６００℃，产生的煤 所热值的１７ＭＪ／ｍ＾３左右；轻焦油中酸性份为１２％，中性油为４２％；半焦粉活性好，热值高于原料煤，可作为无烟燃料或作为流化气化原料。试验褐煤     

果渣固体发酵生产黄腐酸

目的由苹果渣发酵制取黄腐酸。方法采用正交实验，连续二次固体发酵工艺。结果发酵的最佳物料比为果渣：豆饼：麸皮=50：4：3（质量比），含水量为20％（质量分数）；发酵最佳工艺为先接绿色木霉和康氏木霉各2．5％（孢子液／固料，质量分数），28℃，发酵12d，灭菌；再接假丝酵母、酿造酵母、枯草杆菌和棒杆菌各2．5％（孢子液／固料，质量分数），32℃，发酵12d，黄腐酸得率为42．2％。结论苹果渣固体发酵制取黄腐酸是一条可行、经济和快速的途径。     

S2O8^2-／TiO2-SiO2催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以固体超强酸S2O8^2-／TiO2-SiO2为催化剂合成柠檬酸三丁酯，考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度及催化剂重复使用对酯化反应的影响。结果表明酯化反应的最佳条件为：酸醇摩尔比为1：5．4，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0．94％，反应时间为6小时，反应温度为130℃，此条件下酯化率可达93．4％。该催化剂具有制备简便，与产品分离容易，不易腐蚀设备，重复使用后仍保留良好的活性等优点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.