基于脑电信号控制的机电开关装置设计

本文介绍一种基于脑电α波信号控制的电器开关装置．该装置通过操作者睁、闭眼调整脑电α波幅值来控制外接机电装置开关．文中给出了装置的设计原理、构成部件和控制功能．经受试者初步实验结果证明该装置具有无需繁复学习与生物反馈训练的易操作性，为进一步研究开发能实时操作使用的脑-机接口系统提供了技术基础．     

基于Alpha波的异步脑-机接口系统

利用Alpha波建立了一个脑-机接口系统,包括脑电数据采集、脑电信号分析、特征提取和分类,并进行了实时在线分析.该脑-机接口系统的工作模式为异步,测试者可以任意选择何时启动系统,并随意选择4个命令中的一个进行输出,是一种更加自然的人机交互方式.实验结果表明,该系统取得了很高的分类正确率,具有很好的实用性.     

质心分布概率成像——一种刻画自发脑电性质的新方法

利用近期出现的脑电质心概念，对脑电进行质心分布概率密度成像，并提出用梯度和标准差对此种图像均匀性进行分析和评估．将该成像方法应用于睁闭眼状态下的脑电alpha频段，其均匀性分析和分区统计结果与alpha波阻塞现象一致．结果表明，该方法是一种可行的脑电分析手段，为脑电分析提供了一种新的途径．     

基于Golay序列调制的视觉诱发电位脑机接口系统

脑机-接口是一种新型的人机交互方式,不依赖于外周神经和肌肉,而是直接将脑电信号翻译成计算机的控制命令。针对传统脑机-接口系统识别准确率低、可识别目标少等问题,提出了一种基于Golay序列调制的视觉诱发电位脑机接口系统。首先受试者必须注视着屏幕上闪烁的目标,通过脑电放大器对人脑表皮层产生的信号进行采集、放大、A/D转换等预处理操作,然后经过实时分析软件对预处理后的脑电信号进行分类识别,取出大脑特定获得下的特征;最后将其转换为计算机的控制命令,并将输出结果反馈给用户。系统选取了Golay序列对刺激目标进行调制,且运用模板匹配法对目标进行识别。实验结果表明,该方法能有效的识别刺激目标,且获得了93.75%的识别准确率。     

基于脑电的无创脑机接口研究进展

 脑机接口在脑与外部环境之间建立一种全新的不依赖于外周神经和肌肉的交流与控制通道，从而实现脑与外部设备的直接交互。脑电因具有非侵入式、易于使用及设备价格低廉等特点而被广泛应用于脑机接口。本文回顾了基于脑电的无创脑机接口的研究历史，从脑机接口的类型、应用及面临的挑战3个方面综述了脑机接口的研究现状，并展望了脑机接口的未来发展前景。     

用多通道特征组合和SVM单次提取诱发脑电信号

以“模拟人类自然阅读诱发模式”产生的诱发脑电信号作为载体，利用脑一机接口这种新颖的人-机交互方式构建一种脑控拼写装置．在这种实时通信模式中，不能采用认知科学实验及临床中的常规相干平均方法来提取诱发电位，而必须实现特征信号的单次识别．对来自四个通道的各种信号成分进行特征组合，利用支持向量机分类器对一名被试者脑电信号中的载波成分进行了单次提取，最佳特征组合的平均正确识别率为98．8％，证明了诱发模式的先进性和系统实现的可行性．     

基于脑电的脑机接口刺激系统的研制

脑机接口(BCI)是在人脑和外界之间建立不依赖于常规大脑信息输出通路的一种通讯系统.脑机接口刺激系统的作用是通过对受试者施加一定的外界刺激来诱发具有一定特征的脑电波.本研究基于多种刺激模式的脑机接口视觉刺激器,采用计算机编程,在计算机屏幕上实现了基于VEP、P300、想象运动的3类刺激模式.该系统能够通过特定的刺激从而有效地诱发出可识别特征的脑电信号,采用XML技术使得该刺激系统具有较强的可扩展性,可以满足脑机接口实验的需要.     

一种基于SSVEP的脑-机接口阅读系统

针对目前基于脑-机接口(BCI)的应用系统较少的问题,设计了一个可以帮助严重运动障碍残疾人实现书籍阅读的系统。系统基于稳态视觉诱发电位(SSVEP)脑-机接口,采用CPLD平台设计视觉刺激模块,运用典型相关分析(CCA)算法在Visual C++平台上设计一个实时在线程序采集,分析脑电信号,并产生控制信号用于控制鼠标移动和阅读器翻页等操作。通过八位受试者的实验数据表明,设计的SSVEP脑-机接口阅读系统,产生控制指令的正确率高达94.8%,信息传输率(ITR)为40.98比特/分钟。该系统可以有效改善严重运动障碍残疾人无法与外界交流的生活现状,提高残疾人的生活品质。     

基于Fisher判据时频分析的运动相关脑电特征选择及优化

提出了一种基于Fisher判据的运动相关脑电特征优化选择的时频分析方法,为优化选择与运动意识最相关的有效脑电频率成分提供了理论依据.在此基础上,利用具有高时频分辨率的Morlet小波方法,提取与脑电特征优化过程最为匹配的特征信息,对4个受试者运动相关脑电模式进行分类,平均最大分类正确率达到87.95%,通过最大分类正确率、最大互信息两项评价指标比较,验证了基于匹配追踪和Fisher判据时频分析的特征优化方法对改善大脑运动意识任务分类性能的有效性.实验结果表明,该文所提出的方法可望应用于脑机接口系统的运动相关脑电特征优化和选择中.     

基于运动想象脑电的在线脑机接口实验

针对脑机接口技术的研究和应用设计了基于运动想象脑电信号的在线机器人控制系统,包括USB脑电放大器、开放接口的采集和实验平台、基于小波变换和AR模型系数的特征提取算法、机器人控制电路、机器人.20位受试者在该系统上分别进行了80次在线试验,比较分析了3种不同手部运动想象脑电信号的区分度,运动想象脑电对机械手控制的平均准确度分别达到了85%,88%和90%.该控制系统为基于脑电信号的在线机器人控制系统的实现和识别率的提高提供了新思路,同时也为在线脑机接口技术的实验研究以及实际应用带来了方便.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.