城市化水平与水资源利用效率的关系研究——以珠江三角洲城市群为例

以珠江三角洲城市群为研究对象, 基于该区域2005—2017年人口变化、经济优化、社会发展以及水资源利用等数据, 通过构建城市化综合评价体系, 对该区域城市综合发展水平进行评价。在此基础上, 利用改进的水足迹计算方法, 对水资源利用效率进行分析, 量化及验证城市化水平与水资源利用效率之间的关系。结果表明: 1) 从城市化发展水平来看, 可将珠三角城市群划分为4个等级, 其中广州市和深圳市处于高水平城市化等级; 2) 通过水足迹计算方法, 得出2016年珠江三角洲城市群水足迹总量为580.58 亿m³, 显著大于根据《2016年广东省水资源公报》中数据计算得到的结果(289.90 亿m³); 3) 在城市化发展的不同阶段, 水足迹总量变化趋势不同, 阶段性特征明显; 4) 随着城市化的不断发展, 水资源利用效率将会提高。

A Case Study on the Relationship Between Urbanization Level and Water Use Efficiency in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration

This study evaluates comprehensive urban development level based on the data of population change, economic optimization, social development, and water use between 2005 and 2017 in the Pearl River Delta Urban. Then an improved water footprint calculation method is used to analyze water use efficiency and urbanization level, whose relationship is quantified and verified. The study found that: 1) regarding urbanization level, the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration can be divided into four grades, of which Guangzhou and Shenzhen are at a high level; 2) using water footprint calculation method, the total of the agglomeration in 2016 is 58.58 billion m³, which is significantly higher than the claimed 28.99 billion m³ in <2016 Guangdong Water Resources Bulletin>; 3) at different urbanization stages, the trend of the total water footprint varies, each showing a unique characteristics; 4) with a continuous urbanization, water use efficiency will continue to increase.