小流域坡地表土层营养物质输运规律研究进展

综合目前小流域坡地研究现状,论述小流域坡地营养物质随地表径流及壤中流迁移转化的机理以及降雨、坡度与坡长、溶质特性、下垫面、土壤特性和植被状况对营养物质迁移规律的影响．针对当前小流域坡地以及面源研究中存在的不足,指出加强坡地表土营养物质输运规律研究,不仅是土壤养分流失和土壤溶质运移研究的基础,也是水环境中面污染源控制研究的重要内容,建议加强研究以不同坡地为基本单元的流域管理模式,改变不同坡地的土壤施肥量和施肥技术及耕作制度,提高植物覆盖度,弥补目前流域面源控制和管理的不足.

Advances in research of nutrient transfer in surface and subsurface soil on sloping land in small watersheds

Based on the current research on sloping lands, a discussion was made on the mechanism of nutrient transfer and transformation along with surface runoff and soil flows in sloping lands. It is concluded that the nutrient transfer in soil is affected by some factors, such as intensity of rainfall, gradient and length of slope, characteristics of solute, topographic features, soil type, and vegetative cover, which also determine the form of nitrogen and phosphorus losses. In consideration of some inadequencies in current research, it is pointed out that the study of nutrient transfer can provide a basis for study of nutrient loss and solute transfer in soil. Furthermore, with different sloping lands taken as basic elements, a new watershed management mode was proposed in order to perfect the control and management of non-point source pollution. It is suggested that different fertilizers, fertilization techniques, cultivation systems and high vegetative coverage should be adopted in different kinds of sloping lands.