Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

The landing zone – Ground for model transfer in chemistry

This essay proposes a new notion - the landing zone - in order to identify conceptual features that allow modelers to transfer mathematical tools across disciplinary borders. This discussion refers to the transferable models as ‘templates’. Templates are functions, equations, or computational methods that are capable of being generalized from a particular subject matter. There are formal and conceptual prerequisites for the transfer of a template to a new domain. A landing zone is an ontology that contributes to the satisfaction of these conditions for successful transfer. This paper presents a case study on a model in chemistry - the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) - that makes use of transferred templates from physics - the virial theorem and the wave function. The landing zone in this case is a new ontological notion, that of the topological atom, which prepares ground for the use of the virial theorem and the wave function in chemistry. The virial theorem requires that there exists in-principle stability to the system that it represents, and the wave function requires transformation in its representation that is justified. The ontology of QTAIM - the landing zone for these templates - grounds the scientific use of these templates in the context of chemistry.     

R型半胱氨酸体系电荷转移百分数的理论计算

采用密度泛函理论中的CAM-B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d)基组水平上优化气相条件下R型半胱氨酸(R-Cys)分子的几何构型, 理论研究电子激发过程中R-Cys体系片段间的电荷转移特征, 并基于弛豫与非弛豫激发态密度计算片段间的电荷转移百分数. 结果表明: 对于SH片段, S0到S3的电荷转移百分数为57.96%； 对于COOH片段, S0到S1~S5各激发态的电荷转移百分数均为负值, 二者电荷转移的定性结果一致； 对于NH2片段, S0到S1和S4的电荷转移百分数分别为6.98%和31.45%.     

基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

同心双扭旋元件内外叶片数量对管内传热性能的影响

为探究同心双扭旋元件组合方式变化对换热管传热特性的影响规律，采用数值模拟方法对雷诺数Re=200~1 800范围内恒壁温条件下的管内传热进行了分析，并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：在Re=200~1 800的范围内，含有4-4同心双扭旋元件换热管的努赛尔数Nu值最大，其次为3-3同心双扭旋元件，2-4与2-2同心双扭旋元件的Nu相差不大，最大仅相差5%；4-4同心双扭旋元件换热管的阻力系数f最大，其次为3-3同心双扭旋元件，2-4同心双扭旋元件的阻力系数略高于2-2同心双扭旋元件；2-2同心双扭旋元件换热管的综合传热性能评价因子（PEC）值最大，为1.50，且明显高于其他3种换热管，其余3种换热管的PEC值相差不大；4-4同心双扭旋元件换热管的场协同数F_c值最大，其余3种换热管的F_c值相差不大。     

考虑超固结比与泊松效应的荷载传递模型

为了分析超固结状态及泊松效应对砂土管桩界面剪切特性的影响，在传统双曲线荷载传递模型的基础上，采用考虑超固结比的侧向土压力系数，计入由泊松效应引起的侧向土压力增加值，建立能同时考虑砂土超固结比及管桩泊松效应的界面荷载传递模型，对其可靠性进行验证。通过算例对极限摩阻力影响因素进行分析，结果表明：超固结比从1.0增大到3.0，抗压桩和抗拔桩极限摩阻力近似呈线性增大，抗压桩提高约83.6%，抗拔桩提高约92.9%；泊松比从0.1增大到0.3，抗压桩极限摩阻力呈线性增大，提高约3.5%；抗拔桩极限摩阻力呈线性减小，降低约3.6%；桩土模量比从300增大到1 500，抗压桩极限摩阻力降低约7.6%；抗拔桩极限摩阻力提高约9.6%。     

考虑全局资源闲置成本的分布式RCMPSPTT

在考虑资源转移时间的分布式多项目调度问题中,增加考虑资源闲置成本,对于多项目共享资源的协调决策具有重要影响.基于多Agent系统建立以单项目完工时间为优化目标的局部调度模型,并采用遗传算法求解初始局部调度计划;同时考虑项目延期成本、全局资源转移成本和闲置成本,以多项目总成本为优化目标建立全局协调决策模型,设计基于贪婪转移策略的序贯博弈谈判机制协调全局资源的分配和转移,并根据协调结果调整单项目局部进度计划;以MPSPLIB问题集开展实验研究.研究结果表明:协调时考虑全局资源闲置成本能更好的协调全局资源的分配和转移;与无博弈随机分配和转移的协调机制相比,基于贪婪转移策略的序贯博弈谈判机制可以有效地降低多项目总成本.     

生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究

对比“生态退杨”政策实施前后洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化，综合分析洞庭湖区景观格局总体变化特征，为洞庭湖的景观格局优化提供科学依据。     

基于图像的虚拟光影技术研究热点

 基于图像的虚拟光影技术是直接改变图像场景中物体的光影效果或者估计场景光照，在光影维度对图像进行增强，并保留图像物体的视觉特征。从光影效果迁移、虚实光照融合两个方面盘点了虚拟光影技术的重要研究成果，展望了该领域关键技术的发展趋势。     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).