Radioprotectors from pyrodextrins

Cornstarch heated in the range of 230–280°C depolymerized into pyrodextrins characterized by two-component EPR signals of relatively stable free radicals. These thermally generated radicals could serve as efficient scavengers for free radicals generated from pyrodextrins with the 200 Gy dose of γ-radiation. The most efficient traps/scavengers were produced from cornstarch at 250–280°C. IR data indicated incorporation of the OH groups to the pyrodextrins. These groups most probably originated from the OH· radicals formed by the radiolysis of water. EPR spectra provided evidence for trapping free radicals generated by γ-irradiation and for their subsequent annihilation on contact with pyrodextrins. Water affected radical processes occurring in pyrodextrins caused by γ-irradiation.     

纤维素酶降解结合超滤后处理制备低聚壳聚糖

纤维素酶降解与超滤结合制备壳聚糖,工艺简单可行,产品平均分子量小而分布窄,收率高。试验确定纤维素酶对壳聚糖降解的最佳反应条件为:温度(T)=50℃,时间(t)=3.5~4.0 h,纤维素酶用量与壳聚糖比值(n)=0.1,pH=4.6。降解产品经过超滤处理后可以获得平均分子量在5 000左右的优质壳聚糖产品。     

用PET解聚产物合成聚氨酯密封胶

以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)醇解得到的聚酯多元醇(PDA Mn=200~500)为软段、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(MDI)为硬段,制备了一系列端-NCO基的湿-固化型聚氨酯密封胶。不仅为废聚酯瓶回收利用提出了新方法,而且合成了一种新的材料聚酯型聚氨酯密封胶。     

Measurement of the Average Molecular Weight of Cotton Cellulose Crosslinked by a Polycarboxylic Acid at Different pH Using Multiple Angle Light Scattering Photometer in a DMAc/LiCl Solvent System

Durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acid increases fabric wrinkle-resistance at the expense of its mechanical strength. Severe tensile strength loss is the major disadvantage for wrinkle resistant cotton fabrics. Tensile strength loss of cotton fabric crosslinked by a polycarboxylic acid can be attributed to depolymerization and crosslink of cellulose molecules. Measurement of the molecular weight of cotton fabric before and after crosslinked by polycarboxylic acids can offer a possibility of direct understanding of the depolymerization. In this research, a multiple angle laser light scattering photometer was used to determine the absolute molecular weight of cotton fabric treated with BTCA at different pH and then hydrolyzed with 0.5 M NaOH solution at 50℃ for 144 h. The results indicate that average molecular weights of cotton fabric treated with polycarboxylic acids at different pH are almost the same.     

以TEMPO为媒介电化学氧化解聚微晶纤维素的研究

对以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)为媒介阳极电解解聚微晶纤维素(MCC)的条件及效果进行了研究。研究结果表明,60 g/L MCC在(25±5)℃,含有0.2 mol/L Na2CO3-Na HCO3(p H=10.0)和1.5 g/L TEMPO的电解液中,以石墨电极为阳极0.80 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)下恒电位电解会在MCC中引入羧基;当引入羧基量达到2.0mmol/g时,55%的MCC解聚为水溶性低聚糖、纳米纤维素、纤维二糖及葡萄糖,继而在150℃水热反应釜中水解处理,MCC的解聚率可达82%;而未经电化学氧化解聚处理的MCC在150℃水热反应釜中水解处理的解聚率不到1%。     

1,4丁二醇蒸馏底物的回收工艺

在Reppe法生产1,4丁二醇(BDO)的过程中,刮膜式蒸发器会产生一定量的黏稠蒸馏底物。提出了在加压条件下,以稀硫酸为催化剂,对该底物进行水解处理回收BDO并减少废物排放的工艺过程。最优工艺条件为：硫酸质量分数为15%,稀硫酸与底物质量比（配料比）为1.3〖DK〗∶1.0,反应温度为150　℃,反应时间为7 h。通过对水解产物的分离与分析,基于底物的BDO回收率可达39.1%。     

微丝解聚对DNA合成的影响

G_0期细胞在10％血清培养液刺激后向S期行进的早期出现微丝解聚的变化.细胞松弛素B(CB)0.5mg·L~_(-1)使微丝发生部分解聚能加强血清对DNA合成的刺激作用.但随着CB剂量的加大,微丝解聚的加强,便逐步增强对DNA合成的抑制作用.发现用5,10mg·L~(-1)的CB短时间处理G_0期细胞可强烈刺激蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性,虽使微丝暂时完全解聚,但不影响向S期的过渡及DNA的合成.促癌剂TPA(12-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate)可刺激G_0期细胞PKC活性,并能促进血清对DNA合成的刺激作用,但小剂量CB和TPA促进DNA的合成均依赖于血清的存在。     

用液相色谱法分析聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的解聚产物

采用超临界甲醇解聚的方法,将聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）降解为对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）和丁二醇两种单体。利用液相色谱法分析产物DMT,建立了较好的分析方法。其实验操作条件如下：色谱柱为DiamonsilC18,流动相为甲醇-水（3：1,y／y）,检测波长254nm。测定结果为DMT含量在0．005-0．25μg,线性关系良好。该方法具有高色谱分辨率、简单、准确、重复性好等特点。     

Molecular Weight Distributions of Cotton Cellulose Treated with a Polycarboxylic Acid at Different pH

In last paper, the average molecular weight of a control cotton fabric and cotton fabrics treated with the polycarboxylic acid at different pH were measured. The result doesn‘t support the hypothesis that the pH of the finishing bath can affect the depolymerization of the finished cotton fabric. In order to understand more about it, the molecular weight distributions of the control and finished cotton fabrics were measured and the reason was fund. From the ratio and the molecular weight of the low molecular part one can see that the pH of the finishing bath can affect the depelymerization of the f‘mished cotton fabrics. The phenomenon that the average molecular weights of the cotton fabric crosslinked with BTCA at different pH are almost same is attributed to that the crosslinks are not broken completely when treated with 0.5 M NaOH solution at 50℃ for 144 h.     

Thermal depolymerization mechanisms of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Thermal degradation processes and decomposition mechanisms of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were investigated by using thermal gravity analysis(TGA), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental analyzer, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PyGC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The degradation activation energy was calculated via the dependence of residual mass on isothermal temperature. 1H NMR and PyGC-MS were used to investigate the chemical structure and component proportion of volatile gases and degradation residues which were produced by thermal decomposition, and to infer the process of macromolecular chain scission. Besides, the influence of the factors, such as outfield atmosphere, residual metal ions, on the degradation behaviors of PHBV was also studied. Finally, the PHBV thermal decomposition mechanisms were speculated on the basis of the degradation behaviors of molecular and chemical structure.