Genetic Diversity in Populations of Sepiella maindroni Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis

Part of the 16S rRNA gene is amplified with PCR and sequenced for 5 populations of common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni:three from the South China Sea,one from East China Sea and one from Japan.The result shows that a total of 5 nucleotide positions are found to have gaps or insertions of base pairs among these individuals,and 13 positions are examined to be variable in all the sequences,which range from 494 to 509 base pairs.All of the individuals are grouped into 7 haplotypes (h1-h7).No marked genetic difference is osberved among those populations.All of the individuals from Nagasaki belong to h1 and the h3 haplotype is found only in the coastal waters of China.A→←G transition in Nucleotide 255 is suggested to be taken as a kind of genetic marker to identify the populations distributed in East-South China Sea and the Nagasaki waters of Japan.     

高产5-氨基乙酰丙酸光合细菌株的分离鉴定

从不同生态环境中分离培养出20株光合细菌,进行5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)的产量检测,筛选出一株分离自广州市云溪公园池塘底泥的菌株R5,其5-ALA产量最高,达4.92 mg/L.为了确定菌株R5的分类学地位,对该菌株的形态学、碳源利用情况等生理生化特性进行了研究,表明该菌株符合红假单胞菌属的生物学特征;以菌株R5基因组DNA为模板PCR扩增16S rDNA基因,对PCR产物进行了序列测定,将所测得的核酸序列与相关细菌的16S rRNA序列进行比对,并构建进化树进行系统发育分析,发现菌株R5与沼泽红假单胞菌株KUGB306(Rhodop-seudom onas palustrisKUGB306)形成一个类群,序列同源性为99%.故最后确定该高产5-ALA的菌株属于红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudom onas).     

一株高效絮凝剂产生菌的分离和鉴定

应用多相分类手段对絮凝菌株XHUA9进行了分类研究,并对分离提纯的发酵产物进行紫外和红外分析.基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,该菌和模式菌株Paenibacillus hunanensis的序列同源性为96.7%,基因组DNA-DNA同源性杂交值为51.6%.菌株的主要极性脂肪酸为双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇.菌株优势醌为MK-7,主要优势脂肪酸为anteiso-C15:0和C16:0.菌株(G+C)摩尔分数为51.9%.根据上述结果,菌株XHUA9鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属内的新种,命名为Paenibacillus shenyangensis sp.nov..紫外扫描和红外检测等结果表明,菌株XHUA9所产絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质.     

基于高通量测序技术的阳极生物膜群落结构

利用高通量测序技术对阳极生物膜的微生物群落结构进行了分析.实验结果表明,高通量测序能够高效地获取电化学生物膜的群落结构信息,产电模式菌Geobacter属在生物膜中占据着优势地位,其数量比例达到30%左右,其次的主要菌属为Thermovirga,Thauera和Syntrophorhabdus.对比电化学活性丧失前后的生物膜发现,虽然Geobacter菌属在丧失了电化学活性的生物膜中仍然占据统治地位,但是放线菌门的细菌增长显著,其数量比例远高于正常阳极生物膜的0.5%,有可能是抑制生物膜电化学活性的因素之一.     

Genus Baseodiscus (Nemertea: Heteronemertea): Molecular identification of a new species in a phylogenetic context

A new heteronemertean, Baseodiscus jonasii sp. nov., is described from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It resembles B. delineatus in inner morphology but can be distinguished from this species by its different colour pattern and differences in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The monophyletic status of the genus is investigated by reconstructing the phylogeny of six specimens from four species assigned to this genus, together with 22 specimens from nine other heteronemertean genera, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The results imply that Baseodiscus is a monophyletic group while several other heteronemertean genera are non‐monophyletic.     

苏铁在种子植物进化中的位置：分子生物学的证据

用大分子rRNA快速测序法测定了苏铁(Cycas revoluta Thunb.)、水松[Glyptos-trobus pensilis(Staunt.)Koch]和南方红豆杉[Taxus mairei(Lemee et Levl)S.Y.Hu]三种裸子植物Ls-rRNA5′端区108个核苷酸的序列。用这些数据构建的rRNA系统树揭示了苏铁与水松和南方红豆杉构成一个关系密切的姐妹群,而所分析的被子植物都为另一自然类群。另以绿藻作为种子植物群外参照物种,表明苏铁这一位置并不是由于一个特异的进化速度所造成的。这一结果支持了苏铁与松杉类为一自然群类,它们的分歧发生在裸子植物与被子植物分歧之后的假说。     

Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the genus Dexiotrichides (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) inferred from stomatogenetic and molecular information for Dexiotrichides pangi

The divisional process and systematic position of the marine scuticociliate Dexiotrichides pangi are studied. Based on both stomatogenetic data and 18S rDNA gene sequences, the phylogeny and morphogenetic characteristics of this taxon, and of other related genera, are analyzed and discussed. Both the divisionary events and the molecular biological data indicate that this speciesgenus, together with certain other genera in the Dexiotricha-complex, occupies an intermediate position between the tetrahymenids and the “typical” scuticociliate, which suggests that the Dexiotricha-like taxa should be excluded from the “true” scuticociliates. As a further contribution, the process of stomatogenesis in D. pangi can be summarized as follows: (1) The oral primordia in the opisthe are formed only by the proliferation of basal bodies in the scutica field, which subsequently develop into three membranelles, while the new paroral membrane seems to be generated by the sub-anterior portion of somatic kinety 1 (the 1st postoral intercalary kinety). The latter character exhibits a mode similar to Tetrahymena. (2) In the proter the parental membranelles are retained and remain unchanged throughout the entire division process; only the old paroral membrane is disassembled and differentiated into the anlage, which then gives rise to the new paroral membrane and the scutica of the proter. The 18S rRNA gene sequence reported here is the first one for a ciliate in the Dexiotricha-complex.     

16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的应用

分子生态学技术的发展大大促进了人们对环境中微生物群落的研究，也为研究油藏微生物群落和微生物采油技术提供了一个新的工具，尤其16S rRNA基因技术应用于油藏微生物生态研究．该技术克服了基于细胞水平研究方法的不足，能更准确、更客观地揭示油藏微生物的多样性、群落动态变化、种群结构及进化等方面的信息．文章简要综述了16S rRNA基因技术发展历程及在环境微生物生态学中的应用，详细概述了16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的地位和作用以及用于油藏微生物生态研究的16S rRNA基因技术，讨论了16S rRNA基因技术目前在油藏微生物生态研究中存在的问题，通过实例论证了该技术的现场应用效果，重点介绍了胜利油田利用T-RFLP、DGGE等分子生态学技术在河口采油厂罗801区块空气辅助微生物驱和单12区块内源微生物驱研究中的应用，阐明了分子生态学技术在微生物提高原油采收率研究中的重要的意义．     

Two closely linked rice U14 boxC/D snoRNAs

By analysis of the conserved elements in yeast U14 boxC/D snoRNA. the conserved elements in rice U14 boxC/D snoRNA have been speculated. Through computer search of the international rice genome database, two rice U14 snoRNA gene candidates are obtained. These two putative U14 snoRNA genes are closely linked on rice chromosome 2. The coding sequences of these two snoR-NAs exhibit the hallmark structure of boxC/D antisense snoRNA. They both have conserved boxC and boxD sequences and a 14nt-long complement to the sequence between 414nt and 427nt of rice 18S rRNA (according to GenBank accession no. X00755). The experimental evidence shows that these two snoRNAs are involved in the methylation of the complementary sequence of rice 18S rRNA. The existence and localization of these two snoRNAs are proved by RT-PCR and Northern blot. Further analysis shows that both of the newly found rice snoRNAs have high homology with maize U14 snoRNA. and they are named rice U14.1 snoRNA and U14.2 snoRNA respectively. The gene sequence encoding these two snoRNAs has been deposited in the GenBank database under accession number of AF332622.     

一株黄铜矿专属浸出细菌的分离与鉴定

从甘肃白银硫化矿区矿坑水中分离得到一株能够浸矿的细菌（命名为BY）,该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,短杆状,菌体的直径×长度为（0.45±0.05）μm×（1.5±0.4）μm,最适生长温度为25-30℃,最适pH值为2.0,化能自养型,能利用亚铁、单质硫和低浓度的葡萄糖生长,不能利用硫代硫酸钠、蛋白胨生长。研究结果表明：BY菌株与嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（简称A.f菌）WJ13位于系统发育树同一个分支中,相似度为99.66%,与标准A.f菌株ATCC23270的相似度为99.93%;编码区的核酸序列与报道序列（登记序列号DQ166839-DQ166841）仅差1个碱基,氨基酸序列完全一致;于30℃浸出27 d后,含菌株的摇瓶的Cu^2＋的质量浓度即达到60 mg/L,而无菌浸出时Cu^2＋的质量浓度仅为10 mg/L,表明该菌株具有应用于黄铜矿浸出的潜力。