食用蚯蚓的养殖基料研究

在荞麦皮中按不同比例加入粉碎后的玉米芯,作为食用蚯蚓养殖基料,对比在不同配比基料中大平二号蚯蚓幼蚓的体重增加量、成蚓的产茧量和蚓茧的孵化量,筛选出较为理想的养殖基料.结果表明,加入定量玉米芯后的基料比以纯荞麦皮作为基料更适合蚯蚓的生长繁殖.此外,初步确定玉米芯体积分数为40%的基料(未灭菌)较为理想.     

土壤污染对蚯蚓的影响

对农药和重金属污染区的蚯蚓调查结构表明：蚯蚓的种类和数量随着土壤污染程度的增加而减少，污染物在蝗蚓体内明显富集，并随土壤富集量的增加而增加，ＰＴＣ－氨基酸初步分析结果也表明：污染区蚯蚓体和消化道内多种氨基酸含量均低于清洁区，但重金属污染区蚯蚓消化道内氨基酸含量则普遍较低。     

以壳聚糖为基质对蚯蚓纤溶酶进行亲和层析

蚯蚓纤溶酶(Earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes)有多种同工酶,分离纯化相对比较困难.我们采用壳聚糖作为基质,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂为配体,戊二醛为偶联剂,分别研究了酸性和碱性条件下对蚯蚓纤溶酶的纯化效果.实验表明经壳聚糖为载体所制备的亲和吸附剂对蚓激酶具有较高的分离纯化选择性.并且在酸性条件下提取比在碱性条件下提取所得同工酶要少.     

Effects of fragmentation on genetic variation in populations of the terrestrial earthworm Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta,Moniligastridae) in Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas,China

Earthworms are excellent indicators of landscape fragmentation due to their widespread distribution and poor dispersal abilities over water. Based on field studies conducted in the Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas and their associated islands during summer 2009, we analysed the genetic variation of Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae) using DNA sequences of the 16S and 28S ribosomal genes in samples obtained from 13 localities, 12 of which were islands, one artificially connected to the mainland by man (Yangma SC). We identified 55 haplotypes among 79 samples, based on 1094 bp, including 47 unique haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree topologies showed two distinct clades. A multiple-apex Poisson distribution using a mismatch analysis of nucleotides was also detected. Results of a Tajima D neutral test were not significant (p > 0.05). Genetic divergence among populations was much larger than within populations. A positive relationship between genetic diversity and island area was revealed, but no significant correlation between genetic diversity and distance to the nearest larger landmass was found. These results indicate that the intraspecific genetic diversity of D. japonica has been influenced by geographic isolation (i.e. island habitat). Passive transport via anthropogenic activities or nonhuman vertebrates (birds or mammals) may also play a key role in dispersal.     

蚯蚓纤溶酶与“龙心”的比较研究

以北星二号蚯蚓为材料,分离纯化蚯蚓纤溶酶。并对其理化性质、溶纤机理等与“龙心”进行了比较。蚯蚓纤溶酶和“龙心”主要组份的分子量分别为37200和43500。蚯蚓纤溶酶和“龙心”的溶纤比活力(mm~2/mg蛋白)分别为83700和24430蚯蚓纤溶酶既能直接水解血纤维蛋白,又能激活血纤溶酶原。在0—4℃时也能水解血纤维蛋白。蚯蚓纤溶酶经DEAE-Sepharose离子交换柱层析,可分离为9个纤溶活力不同的组分。     

赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia Foelide)纤维素酶的初步研究

将赤子爱胜蚓整体组织匀浆的抽提液,经Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤、DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换及在FPLC仪上用Mono Q柱分离,可以纯化到多种组分的纤维素酶,研究了它们的酶学性质,证明均为C_X酶。     

蚯蚓和蚓粪喂养革胡子鲶的试验研究

动物蛋白饵料不足,是影响革胡子鲶产量的原因之一,本试验表明,蚯蚓和蚓粪可作为革胡子鲶的优良动物蛋白饵料.用蚯蚓和蚓粪喂养革胡子鲶,既可提供各种必需氨基酸、维生素和微量元素,还可促进池塘中有益浮游生物的生长,改变水质,从而提高质量,增加经济效益.     

Expression of nerve growth factor-like polypeptides and immunoreactivity related to the two types of neurotrophin receptors in earthworm tissues

Nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs by sequence homology to the neurotrophins, a family of proteins binding the same p75 receptor and closely related members of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Fundamental in the vertebrate nervous system, neurotrophin signals have also been suggested as essential for relatively complex nervous systems occurring in invertebrate species that live longer than Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Mammalian neurotrophins have been found to influence invertebrate neuronal growth. However, there are only a few data on the presence of molecules related to neurotrophin signalling components in invertebrates. Our studies provide evidence that analogues of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors are expressed in Eisenia foetida earthworms. In particular, NGF-like and Trk-like immunoreactive proteins are both expressed in the nervous system, whereas p75-like positivity identifies tubular structures associated with dorsal pores that are involved in the earthworm response to mechanical irritation or stress. Received 12 November 2001; received after revision 8 January 2002; accepted 8 January 2002     

免耕对黑土蚯蚓数量和土壤密度的影响

以自2001年秋在吉林省德惠市中层黑土上进行的耕作定位试验小区为研究对象,对比免耕和常规耕作对东北黑土蚯蚓数量和土壤密度的影响.试验设计为裂区随机区组设计(免耕和常规秋翻两个处理),4个区组,种植作物为玉米和大豆.在玉米6叶期和8月末或9月初两次测定蚯蚓数量,土壤密度秋收后测定.采用SAS软件对2004～2006年的蚯蚓数量和土壤密度进行方差分析.试验结果表明,耕作方式、作物类型和采样时间对蚯蚓数量的影响较大,均达显著差异(P《0.05).免耕处理的蚯蚓数量是秋翻处理蚯蚓数量的2.4倍,种植大豆的蚯蚓数量是种植玉米蚯蚓数量的1.6倍,第1次的蚯蚓数量是第2次蚯蚓数量的1.9倍.耕作方式和作物类型对土壤密度没有显著影响.虽然免耕处理使5cm～10cm的土壤密度略有增加,但免耕的土壤密度与秋翻的土壤密度相比,并无显著差异.因此,同常规秋翻相比,免耕明显增加土壤中的蚯蚓数量,而且不会引起土壤的板结.     

茶皂素对蚯蚓、小菜蛾及枯萎病原真菌的急性毒性研究

为考察茶皂素灭杀害虫效果和对枯萎病原真菌的抑菌能力,采用浸液杀虫法和土壤杀虫法测定不同浓度的茶皂素对于蚯蚓的急性毒性效应;采用叶片药膜法考察茶皂素对小菜蛾拒食效果与毒力效应,采用平板法考察茶皂素对于枯萎病原真菌的抑制作用.试验结果表明,浸液杀虫法灭杀蚯蚓的有效茶皂素浓度为0.3 mg/mL,土壤杀虫法7 d内的LD50为0.8 mg/mL;茶皂素对于小菜蛾主要是拒食作用;高浓度试药(>0.39 mg/mL)的茶皂素对枯萎病原真菌有一定的抑制作用.