酵母菌耐性与海藻糖积累的初步研究

对 11株酵母菌进行了渗透压、乙酸、冷冻、乙醇耐性实验及海藻糖积累的比较。实验表明 ,渗透压耐性和乙酸耐性较好的菌株 ,其积累海藻糖的能力较强 ;而抗冷冻和乙醇耐性与海藻糖的积累能力无明显的相关性。     

酵母原生质体形成中的电镜观察

用蜗牛酶处理对数期啤酒酵母和异常汉逊酵母细胞,可以有效地从中分离到原生质体透射电镜观察证明了细胞中周质体的存在,揭示了酵母原生质体的释放机理和蜗牛酶的作用位点。     

Occurrence of thiaminase II inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary It was found that cell-free extracts ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae contain thiaminase II which hydrolyzes thiamine and thiamine analogs. The possible involvement of this enzyme and thiamine-synthesizing enzymes in thiamine production from thiamine antagonists is discussed.30 September 1986Acknowledgments. We thank the late Dr S. Yurugi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Osaka, for his generous gifts of dimethialium, 2-northiamine, -hydroxyethylthiamine, hydroxymethylpyrimidine, 2-norhydroxymethylpyrimidine and hydroxyethylthiazole. We also thank Prof. H. Nakayama, Yamaguchi Women's College, for his kind supply ofEscherichia coli 70–17 and 26–43.     

Protective effect of vitamins against trichothecene toxicity towardsSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary Several trichothecene mycotoxins were shown to inhibit the growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. This effect was most pronounced with the macrocyclic trichothecenes, especially verrucarin A. Much less growth inhibition was observed with T-2 toxin. Verrucarol, diacetoxyscirpenol, acetyl T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol and neosolaniol were inactive at a concentration of 75 g of toxin per disc. Incubation ofS. cerevisiae with verrucarin A together with vitamins resulted in a decrease in toxicity. Pyridoxine-HCl, Ca-pantothenate, thiamine-HCl and -tocopheryl acetate were amongst the most potent of the vitamins tested which reversed growth inhibition, overcoming the inhibitory potential of the toxins.9 December 1986The authors thank Dr J. Behrend, Makor Company, Israel, for a generous gift of verrucarin A and roridin A.     

疏水吸附分离酵母 S.Cerevisiae 中的 L-天门冬氨酸酶的研究(英文)

研究了疏水柱吸附分离工业酵母（Ｓ．Ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）中的Ｌ－天门冬氨酸酶．考察了三种疏水吸附剂ＴｓｋｇｅｌＢｕｔｙ＿Ｔｏｙｏｐｅａｒｌ,ＴｓｋｇｅｌＰｈｅｎｙｌ＿Ｔｏｙｏｐｅａｒｌ和ＴｓＫｇｅｌＥｔｈｅｒ＿Ｔｏｙｏｐｅａｒｌ６５０Ｃ的吸附性能．研究表明,通过选择控制流动相的ｐＨ值和离子强度,一次吸附过程中Ｌ－天门冬氨酸酶的分离纯化纯度可提高１４倍并保持较高的活性。实验还考察了吸附等温线类型和温度等因素的影响．结果表明,酵母中分子的电荷和疏水性是疏水柱吸附的重要影响因素．     

啤酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）M－05变株合成谷胱甘肽的研究Ⅰ．菌种的选育

从１２种５５株酵母菌株中筛选出１株相对富含谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）的菌株──啤酒酵母Ｓ─１２，经紫外线及硫酸二乙酯等复合诱变处理，以甲硫氨酸缺陷型（Ｍｅｔ－）为筛选模型，获得１株高产谷胱甘肽变株Ｍ—０５，其干细胞每ｇ含有ＧＳＨ１４．４３ｍｇ，较出发菌株提高了６８．４％．     

抗生素筛选模型的建立

为节省筛选抗生素的工作量，减少重复筛选率，本实验以常规筛选模型中的指示菌为出发株，经物理化学诱变，筛选出七支突变株，它们对临床上最常用的β内酰胺类、四环素类、氨基糖醇类，大环内酯类和多烯大环内酯类抗生素敏感性显著不同，可构成一抗生素筛选模型。经检验证明通过这一模型能初步判别微生物所产抗生素的类群。     

酵母菌最适生长条件和自溶条件研究

采用正交实验设计,研究了酿酒酵母和扣囊拟内孢霉混合培养的最适条件和菌体的自溶作 用,得到了最佳的条件组合.实验结果表明,酿酒酵母和扣囊拟内孢霉混合培养的最适条件为: 1.5％豆饼,2％玉米粉,28℃,pH 5.0,0.2％酵母膏;酿酒酵母和扣囊拟内孢霉混合菌体的自溶条 件为:pH 5.0醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液,55℃,0.5％NaCl.     

酿酒酵母蛋白酶A外泌与酒类酿造

蛋白酶A(EC 3.4.23.6)是酿酒酵母中重要的蛋白酶,与酶原激活、生孢等多种生理功能密切相关.在酒类酿造过程中往往会发生蛋白酶A外泌进而影响发酵产品质量的现象.研究胁迫条件下蛋白酶A的外泌及其调控机制,对于酿酒酵母菌种选育和酒类产品质量控制具有重要的理论指导意义.本文主要对蛋白酶A外泌机制和蛋白酶A外泌对酒类酿造影响的相关研究进行综述.     

从微生物中提取超氧化物歧化酶的研究

超氧化物歧化酶，简称ＳＯＤ（Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ），是一种应用价值大、广泛存在于生物体细胞内的金属酶．本实验以酿酒酵母和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌为出发菌株，进行抗Ｈ_２Ｏ_２性能的筛选，选出耐受性好的菌株经２Ｌ发酵罐发酵后，提取到了热稳定性好的Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ和Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ，酶活力为３２９２和３５４７ｕ／ｍＬ，其比活力为３４５７和３０８４ｕ／ｍｇ．