纳洛酮对大鼠脑外伤后神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的：采用Feeney法自由落体撞击脑损伤动物模型，观察纳洛酮对脑外伤后神经细胞凋亡和脑水肿的影响。方法：90只大鼠分为实验组及对照组，在损伤后15、60min及24h分别予纳洛酮或生理盐水，损伤后第5d断头处死大鼠，TUNEL法测定神经细胞原位凋亡情况，测定损伤侧大脑半球含水理以及光镜下观察细胞形态学改变。结果：与对照组比较，大鼠脑外伤后15及60min静注纳洛酮可保护神经细胞，减少凋亡率，减轻脑水肿；而外伤后24h给药，神经细胞凋亡率以及脑水肿无显著性差异。结论；研究结果提示纳洛酮作为阿片受体的拮抗剂有保护大鼠脑外伤后神经细胞的作用，但应在外伤后尽早用药。     

纳洛酮治疗病毒性脑炎30例临床观察

对30例病毒性脑炎昏迷病儿，在常规治疗基础上加用纳洛酮，结果辅用纳洛酮治疗病毒性脑炎的疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0．01）：治疗组与对照组平均住院天数分别为11．3±2．07天，14．2±0．86天（P＜0.05）有显著性差异。     

纳络酮抢救急性安眠药重度中毒46例疗效观察

选择８８ 例急性安眠药重度中毒患者,随机分成纳络酮治疗和常规治疗２ 组,进行疗效对照观察,结果表明：采用纳络酮治疗,其催醒效果、缩短治疗时间及减少并发症等方面,均优于常规治疗．     

Spontaneous morphine withdrawal from the rat spinal cord

Summary A characteristic and reproducible sign of narcotic withdrawal is the naloxone induced increase in arterial pressure. In morphine-dependent rats allowed to undergo spontaneous withdrawal (6–24 h) and then transected at the spinal C-1 level, arterial pressure was maintained at a significantly higher level than either spinal-transected nondependent controls or morphine-dependent, spinal-transected rats pithed from C-1 to L-4. These findings indicate that the morphine-dependent spinal cord, independent of supraspinal influences, is able to exhibit an autonomic component of spontaneous withdrawal.This study was supported by the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration. A preliminary report of aspects of this work appeared in Soc. Neurosci. Abs.10 (1984) 1113.     

Narcotic antagonism of seizures induced by a dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid

Summary This paper describes experiments designed to evaluate whether the narcotic antagonist naloxone significantly interferes with seizures induced by tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs). In these experiments we found that naloxone significantly reduced seizure scores induced by intra-cranially infusing mice with 50 g of the dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) alkaloid, 6,7-dihydroxy TIQ. These findings support an opioid involvement in the actions of TIQs and may lead to further understanding of opioid-mediated novel excitatory receptors.     

Failure of coffee to inhibit the pharmacodynamic activity of morphine in vivo

Summary High doses of caffeine-containing as well as decaffeinated instant coffee neither inhibited morphine-induced analgesia in mice nor the morphine-induced fall of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in rats. On the contrary, caffeine-containing coffee even enhanced the analgesic effects of morphine in mice. Coffee thus does not exhibit opiate-antagonizing activity in the whole organism in vivo. The very weak morphine-antagonistic efficacy of coffee powder in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation from the guinea pig ileum is of no practical importance.     

酒精对大鼠外侧穿通纤维-CA3区LTP诱导的影响

目的:研究酒精对大鼠外侧穿通纤维(lateral perforant path,LPP)-CA3区(LPP-CA3)长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)诱导阶段的影响及可能的机制.方法:用细胞外电生理记录方法,通过向海马CA3区分别微量注射酒精(Alcohol)、阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮(naloxone)和GABAA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱(bicucul-line,BIC),以海马CA3区群体兴奋性突触后电位(field excitory postsynaptic potentials,fEPSP)斜率改变为指标,观察高频刺激引起的LTP诱导的变化.结果:①酒精剂量依赖性地抑制LTP的诱导;②纳洛酮和BIC均可以部分减轻酒精对LTP诱导的抑制作用.结论:内源性阿片系统和GABA能系统参与了酒精对LPP-CA3通路LTP诱导的调制.     

Circling behavior induced by phencyclidine in mice and its inhibition by naloxone

Summary Phencyclidine (PCP), when given to mice, induces general hyperactivity and rapid circling, similar to that caused by morphine. These effects are partially antagonized by naloxone.Acknowledgment. We are grateful to Professor A. Kalir for the donation of PCP. Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to A. M. Korczyn.     

Ocular instillation of naloxone increases intraocular pressure in morphine-addicted patients: A possible test for detecting misuse of morphine

Summary The effect of conjunctival instillation of naloxone on intraocular pressure has been examined in morphine-addicted patients as compared to non-addicted healthy volunteers. Morphine-addicted subjects showed a lower basal value of intraocular pressure as compared to the control volunteers. The instillation of naloxone caused a normalization of intraocular pressure to a level similar to that of control volunteers. This test seems to be a useful screening method for detecting morphine addiction.