燃烟梗烟气恶臭污染治理

香烟生产中会产生烟梗,烟梗的处理方法之一是采用锅炉焚烧,但产生的烟气组分很复杂,对大气环境产生恶臭污染。该文实验研究了在工业规模装置中采用湿式吸收-液相氧化工艺脱除燃烟梗烟气恶臭。试验结果表明,烟气中的部分有害组分与浆状吸收剂进行反应生成盐类化合物、水和CO2,被吸附的有害组分被液相中的ClO2强制氧化成CO2和H2O。除臭和除尘效率分别为85．7％和98．9％,臭气和烟尘排放浓度达到国家允许的排放标准。     

Variations in the equilibrium line altitude of Urumqi Glacier No.1, Tianshan Mountains, over the past 50 years

The glacier ELA is one of the important parameters reflecting climate change.Based on observations of the equilibrium line altitude(ELA) of Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains,we established a statistical model between ELA and its major influencing factors,warm season air temperature(air temperature averages for May,June,July and August) and annual precipitation.Result showed that,warm season air temperature was the leading climatic factor influencing ELA variations.The glacier ELA ascends(descends) 61.7 m when warm season air temperature increases(decreases) by 1°C,and ascends(descends) 13.1 m when cold season precipitation decreases(increases) by 10%.In the period 1959-2008,the glacier ELA showed a general increasing trend,ascending108 m and reaching its highest altitude in 2008 at 4168 m a.s.l.,close to the glacier summit.If future climate is similar to that in the past 50 years,the ELA of Urumqi Glacier No.1 will still ascend with a speed of 2.16 m/a.However,If future climate is similar to that in the period 2000-2008,the ELA will still ascend with a speed of 6.5 m/a before it is stable.As a result of ELA variation,the accumulation area ratio(AAR) of the glacier showed a decreasing trend during the past 50 years.     

Recent glacial retreat and its effect on water resources in eastern Xinjiang

The eastern Xinjiang Basin is desperately short of water. Most rivers in the basin originate in the high eastern Tianshan, which has abundant precipitation and numerous alpine glaciers. Fieldwork conducted on three reference glaciers around Mt. Bogda in 1981 and 2009 suggests that they all strongly melt in summer, a process that has tended to accelerate in recent decades. Based on topographic maps from 1962 and 1972 and 2005/2006 satellite imagery, we investigated 203 glaciers near Mt. Bogda and 75 glaciers near Mt. Harlik. The results show that the surface area of the Mt. Bogda glaciers decreased by 21.6% (0.49% a?1) from 1962 to 2006. This was accompanied by a 181 m decrease in length and a 28% drop in ice volume. In the Mt. Harlik region, areal extent was reduced by 10.5% (0.32% a?1), length by 166 m, and volume by 14% between 1972 and 2005. South-facing glaciers lost more of their area than those that are north facing, yielding an areal loss of 25.3% and 16.9% for southern and northern slopes of Mt. Bogda, respectively, and 12.3% and 6.6% for the comparable slopes of Mt. Harlik. Glaciers smaller than 0.5 km2 in area experienced the strongest retreat, whereas glaciers larger than 2 km2 in area experienced gentle recession but may be the main contributors in the future to river runoff. Glacial ablation in eastern Xinjiang tends to be strong, and the water resources in this region are deteriorating. Also, a heavy reduction in the capacity of the local karez system, as well as a significant change in river runoff, can be related to glacial retreat. Combined, this will adversely affect the downstream city of Urumqi and the Turfan Basin.     

石灰石湿法烟气脱硫中氟络合物的影响

在中试湿壁吸收塔中实验研究了氮络合物对石灰石湿法烟气脱硫特性的影响,实验结果表明,F^-离子会与从喷雾干燥脱硫副产物和石灰石溶解得到的Al^3 反应,生成氟化铝络合物（AlFx）,该络合物吸附于石灰石颗粒的表面,极大地阻碍石灰石的溶解,甚至是在AlFx浓度非常低的时候,氟化铝络合物导致石膏产物中残余CaCO3含量的增加和石膏颗粒粒径变小,吸收浆液中F^-和Al^3 离子浓度的增加会增强对脱硫特性的负面影响。化学平衡模型的计算结果表明,吸收浆液的pH控制在5.5以上能分解AlFx,从而预防其对石灰石溶解的阻碍。     

循环流化床烟气脱硫实验研究

在中试装置中进行了循环流化床烟气脱硫的实验研究。该实验装置由燃烧器、高4．5m直径0．30m的反应器、旋风分离器、给料系统和物料回送系统组成。烟气流量和渡分别为200－325m^3/h和120－180℃。实验结果表明绝热饱和温差（△θ）、钙硫物质的量比（n(Ca)/n(S)、SO2进口质量浓度（ρin）和床内固定颗粒物质量浓度（ρs）对脱硫效率有较大的影响，而气体停留时间（t）的影响不明显。用石灰浆作脱硫剂，当△θ=14℃、n（Cn)/n(S)=1.5,ρin=1500mg/m^3、ρs=6kg/m^3,t=3.5s时，脱硫产率达85．3％。工业应用中△θ应控制在10－2℃。     

Effect of the contact distance on transport properties of an orsanic molecular device

Using a spatially symmetric phenyldithiolate molecule sandwiched between two gold electrodes as model system and through shifting one electrode from symmetric contact site to form asymmetric contact, we investigated the properties of electronic transport in such a device by the first-principles. It was found that the/（G ）-V characteristics of a device show significant asymmetry and the magnitudes of current and conductance depend remarkably on the variation of molecule-metal distance at one of the two contacts. Namely, an asymmetric contact would lead to the weak rectifying effects on the current-voltage characteristics of a molecular device. The analysis shows that the HOMO is responsible for the resonant tunneling and its shift due to the charging of the device while the bias voltage is the intrinsic origin of asymmetric/（G）- Vcharacteristics.     

湿法烟气脱硫的理论和实验研究(IV)——高雷诺数时的传质经验方程

在中试湿壁塔中,采用ＳＯ２／ＮａＯＨ和空气／Ｈ２Ｏ系统,实验研究了５０℃和高雷诺数时的气液传质速率。实验结果表明,气相雷诺数（ＲｅＧ）和液相雷诺数（ＲｅＬ）分别在７６００～１３５００和４７００～１２０００的范围内,气相舍伍德数（ＳｈＧ＝（ｋＧａｃｄｉ）／ＤＧ）分别与ＲｅＧ的１０４次方和ＲｅＬ的０２０７次方成正比。ＳｈＬ分别与ＲｅＧ的０６４次方和ＲｅＬ的０４３８次方成正比。高雷诺数时的液膜波动提高了相界面积和湍流程度,从而导致气相和液相传质系数的提高。     

可再生半胱氨酸亚铁溶液同时脱除SO_2和NO_X

可再生半胱氨酸亚铁溶液同时脱除SO2 和NOX 在喷射鼓泡反应器中进行实验研究。实验结果表明 ,在碱性条件下 ,半胱氨酸亚铁溶液吸收NO后生成亚硝酰络合物 ,随后半胱氨酸 (CySH)被氧化成胱氨酸 (CySSCy) ,而吸收的NO被还原成N2 。CySSCy能被烟气中的SO2 还原为CySH ,使半胱氨酸溶液脱硫脱硝反应得以循环进行。吸收液的 pH值、Fe(CyS) 2 的浓度对NOX 脱除率有影响 ,可用传质模型进行解释。在 5 5℃和pH =9的条件下 ,能同时达到 82 .3%的NOX 脱除率和 94.4%的SO2 脱除率。     

亚硫酸钙非均相氧化动力学的研究

在典型的温法烟气脱硫条件下，喷雾干燥脱硫产物中的亚硫酸钙非均相氧化动力学在中试装置中被研究，实验结果表明，亚硫酸钙氧化速率对氧是１级反应，对亚硫酸钙浓度分别是０级和０．７５级，这取决于不同的反应控制步骤。ｐＨ对氧化速率的影响是弱的。氧化速率随着ＭｎＳＯ４的添加而升高。在喷雾干燥脱硫产物温法氧化过程中，没有发现有ＳＯ２排出。     

NH3选择性催化还原NOX的实验研究

在固定床反应器中，对NH3选择性催化还原NOx（SCR）进行实验研究。SCR反应在催化剂表面进行，催化剂的表面积和微孔特性很大程度上决定了催化活性。温度、接触时间、催化剂中V2O5的量和NH3投入量对SCR反应有较大影响。适宜反应温度、接触时间、V2O5的量和n（NH3）／n（NOx）分别是310℃、200ms、4．5％和1．1。实验结果表明，在适宜反应条件下，NOx脱除率可达90％。