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The glacier ELA is one of the important parameters reflecting climate change.Based on observations of the equilibrium line altitude(ELA) of Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains,we established a statistical model between ELA and its major influencing factors,warm season air temperature(air temperature averages for May,June,July and August) and annual precipitation.Result showed that,warm season air temperature was the leading climatic factor influencing ELA variations.The glacier ELA ascends(descends) 61.7 m when warm season air temperature increases(decreases) by 1°C,and ascends(descends) 13.1 m when cold season precipitation decreases(increases) by 10%.In the period 1959-2008,the glacier ELA showed a general increasing trend,ascending108 m and reaching its highest altitude in 2008 at 4168 m a.s.l.,close to the glacier summit.If future climate is similar to that in the past 50 years,the ELA of Urumqi Glacier No.1 will still ascend with a speed of 2.16 m/a.However,If future climate is similar to that in the period 2000-2008,the ELA will still ascend with a speed of 6.5 m/a before it is stable.As a result of ELA variation,the accumulation area ratio(AAR) of the glacier showed a decreasing trend during the past 50 years. 相似文献
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The eastern Xinjiang Basin is desperately short of water. Most rivers in the basin originate in the high eastern Tianshan, which has abundant precipitation and numerous alpine glaciers. Fieldwork conducted on three reference glaciers around Mt. Bogda in 1981 and 2009 suggests that they all strongly melt in summer, a process that has tended to accelerate in recent decades. Based on topographic maps from 1962 and 1972 and 2005/2006 satellite imagery, we investigated 203 glaciers near Mt. Bogda and 75 glaciers near Mt. Harlik. The results show that the surface area of the Mt. Bogda glaciers decreased by 21.6% (0.49% a?1) from 1962 to 2006. This was accompanied by a 181 m decrease in length and a 28% drop in ice volume. In the Mt. Harlik region, areal extent was reduced by 10.5% (0.32% a?1), length by 166 m, and volume by 14% between 1972 and 2005. South-facing glaciers lost more of their area than those that are north facing, yielding an areal loss of 25.3% and 16.9% for southern and northern slopes of Mt. Bogda, respectively, and 12.3% and 6.6% for the comparable slopes of Mt. Harlik. Glaciers smaller than 0.5 km2 in area experienced the strongest retreat, whereas glaciers larger than 2 km2 in area experienced gentle recession but may be the main contributors in the future to river runoff. Glacial ablation in eastern Xinjiang tends to be strong, and the water resources in this region are deteriorating. Also, a heavy reduction in the capacity of the local karez system, as well as a significant change in river runoff, can be related to glacial retreat. Combined, this will adversely affect the downstream city of Urumqi and the Turfan Basin. 相似文献
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On the basis of previous parameterization schemes, considering both the wave breaking and absorbed at critical level, a parameterization
with a continuous spectrum of gravity waves is realized by introducing a momentum flux density function for the wave spectrum,
and then the parameterization scheme of the gravity waves is improved. Choosing parameter values of the background atmosphere
and waves based on the observations, a more realistic equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) driven by the incorporated
drag from the planetary and gravity waves can be simulated. The numerical results indicate that the forcing magnitude of the
planetary and gravity waves varies with the wind field, and in some phases of the QBO, the contribution of the gravity waves
is comparable with that of the planetary waves. After the QBO is steadily formed, its amplitude and period and wind configuration
are relevant to the effect of vertical diffusion and the momentum flux distribution with spectrum, however, independent of
the initial background wind field. Moreover, for any given nonzero initial background wind, a steady QBO can be finally generated
due to the incorporated drag from the planetary and gravity waves.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40731055 and 40774085), the Innovative Research Team
Project, Ministry of Education, the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP07315), the China
Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY200706013) and the Open Programs of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and
Geodesy, Ministry of Education 相似文献
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创新是科研的生命之水。作者认为科研中可考虑从三个方面入手选择新课题,即:在某一熟悉的领域进行开拓;从教学实践中寻找新论点;运用相关学科知识,发现新的探讨领域。 相似文献
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