可自修复的高延性混凝土(ECC)在机场道面的适用性分析

在飞机荷载与环境荷载长期共同作用下,机场道面易出现裂缝、接缝和竖向位移类病害,使运营阶段维修成本高.提出将具有自修复功能的高延性水泥基材料(ECC)用于机场道面,以控制裂缝发展、实现无缝连接;并利用ECC因二次反应而使微裂缝愈合的特性,减少路面维护工作,延长使用寿命.通过试验手段研究了ECC材料应用于机场道面的力学行为、自修复行为和早期开裂潜能.试验结果表明:机场道面用ECC材料在拉伸荷载作用下,其拉伸应变可达3.67％(约为普遍混凝土的400倍);在弯曲荷载作用下,其竖向弯曲变形可达6.33 mm;抗压强度与弯曲强度分别为43.9 MPa和12.68 MPa,可满足机场道面的使用要求.在受约束条件下,ECC表现出较低的早期开裂潜能.由于自修复能力,裂损ECC的拉伸刚度、拉伸应变与拉伸强度几乎可恢复至未裂时的程度;其水渗透系数随自修复进程逐渐降低,最终达到未裂时的渗透水平.研究结果表明ECC材料用于无缝机场道面具有较高适用性.     

立德·铸魂·育人:新时代持续推进高校课程思政的三维审视

课程思政是当前高校人才培养的迫切任务,要将思想政治教育与其他课程有机结合起来.其基本着眼点是立德,即培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人;其根本着力点在于铸魂,即用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想培育青年学生的价值观、世界观、人生观;其根本落脚点在于育人,即全面以学生为中心,打造高水平、高效率的黄金课堂.     

联程中转旅客的城市枢纽间换乘行为建模

针对旅客联程运输中旅客中转换乘行为,构建了多项Logit(Multinomial Logit,MNL)模型进行刻画分析.首先,设计了陈述偏好(Stated Preference,SP)调查问卷进行数据采集;其次,基于MNL模型对联程中转旅客的城市枢纽间换乘行为进行建模,并利用Biogeme软件对模型参数进行标定;最后,计算出各方式的分担率并与实际调查结果进行对比分析.结果表明:与出行目的、行李大小等因素相比,联程旅客个人特征(年龄、职业、收入等)的影响最为显著,考虑了旅客个人差异的MNL模型拟合误差在1.5％以内;此外,旅客对交通工具拥挤度、舒适度、班次数量以及准时性的关注程度也影响了其选择行为;联运旅客对时间效率尤为关注,超过50％的联运旅客选择地铁,当公交出行时间下调0％～20％时,可以一定程度上将换乘地铁的联运客流转移至公交上.研究结果对于枢纽间换乘需求预测、多方式协同调度以及提供旅客个性化出行服务具有一定的参考作用.     

企业生命周期下投资者关注对权益资本成本的影响

基于行为金融学的价格压力假说，结合企业生命周期理论，以2007—2014年的主板上市公司为样本，分析投资者关注对权益资本成本的影响以及这种影响在企业生命周期中存在的阶段性差异。研究发现，投资者关注与权益资本成本显著负相关，即权益资本成本随着投资者关注的提高而降低。对于不同生命周期的企业，投资者关注对权益资本成本的影响存在差异。新生期、衰退期企业的权益资本成本并不会随着投资者关注程度的提高而降低；成长期、成熟期企业的权益资本成本随着投资者关注程度的提高而降低。可以看出，投资者能够识别企业所处的生命周期，并愿意为成长期、成熟期的企业支付更高的溢价。     

目标边缘特征增强检测算法

针对分组角点检测网络在目标检测过程中,由于目标尺寸过小或同类目标空间距离较小而导致检测失效的问题,提出一种边缘特征增强的CornerNet目标检测算法OEC。该算法通过分离特征的高低频信息提取更多的高频信息,增强目标的边缘轮廓特征,解决关键点定位不准确的问题,提高目标的框定效果,进一步提升检测精度。仿真结果表明,该算法对行人、车辆等目标检测效果均有提高,在COCO数据集上的检测结果与CornerNet相比,mAP提高0.9%,可应用于无人驾驶与智能机器人等场景。     

Molecular function of the novel α7β2 nicotinic receptor

The α7 nicotinic receptor is a promising drug target for neurological and inflammatory disorders. Although it is the homomeric member of the family, a novel α7β2 heteromeric receptor has been discovered. To decipher the functional contribution of the β2 subunit, we generated heteromeric receptors with fixed stoichiometry by two different approaches comprising concatenated and unlinked subunits. Receptors containing up to three β2 subunits are functional. As the number of β2 subunits increases in the pentameric arrangement, the durations of channel openings and activation episodes increase progressively probably due to decreased desensitization. The prolonged activation episodes conform the kinetic signature of α7β2 and may have an impact on neuronal excitability. For activation of α7β2 receptors, an α7/α7 binding-site interface is required, thus indicating that the three β2 subunits are located consecutively in the pentameric arrangement. α7-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) are emerging as novel therapeutic drugs. The presence of β2 in the pentamer affects neither type II PAM potentiation nor activation by an allosteric agonist whereas it impairs type I PAM potentiation. This first single-channel study provides fundamental basis required to decipher the role and function of the novel α7β2 receptor and opens doors to develop selective therapeutic drugs.     

Macropinocytosis,mTORC1 and cellular growth control

The growth and proliferation of metazoan cells are driven by cellular nutrient status and by extracellular growth factors. Growth factor receptors on cell surfaces initiate biochemical signals that increase anabolic metabolism and macropinocytosis, an actin-dependent endocytic process in which relatively large volumes of extracellular solutes and nutrients are internalized and delivered efficiently into lysosomes. Macropinocytosis is prominent in many kinds of cancer cells, and supports the growth of cells transformed by oncogenic K-Ras. Growth factor receptor signaling and the overall metabolic status of the cell are coordinated in the cytoplasm by the mechanistic target-of-rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1), which positively regulates protein synthesis and negatively regulates molecular salvage pathways such as autophagy. mTORC1 is activated by two distinct Ras-related small GTPases, Rag and Rheb, which associate with lysosomal membranes inside the cell. Rag recruits mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface where Rheb directly binds to and activates mTORC1. Rag is activated by both lysosomal luminal and cytosolic amino acids; Rheb activation requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and the tuberous sclerosis complex-1/2. Signals for activation of Rag and Rheb converge at the lysosomal membrane, and several lines of evidence support the idea that growth factor-dependent endocytosis facilitates amino acid transfer into the lysosome leading to the activation of Rag. This review summarizes evidence that growth factor-stimulated macropinocytosis is essential for amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1, and that increased solute accumulation by macropinocytosis in transformed cells supports unchecked cell growth.