Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

Mechanical and corrosion properties of low-carbon steel prepared by friction stir processing

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干湿循环和吸力对非饱和下蜀土力学特性影响的试验研究

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The Life-Cycle Model with Optimal Retiring Age and Simulation

In this paper, a life-cycle model with retirement is set up to study how an individual chooses the optimal retiring age on account of wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state. It is proved that there exists optimal retiring age under given conditions. The numerical simulations are given to show how wage growth rate, longevity and healthy state affect retiring age.     

基于漫水填充的图像骨架提取方法

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财经类高校大学生应用科技能力培养新模式

近年来,随着社会经济的不断快速发展,社会对于人才的需求也有了更高的要求.针对当前财经类人才的需求与供给之间,市场的大量需求与财经类人才就业难同时存在等愈加明显的矛盾,该文就当前财经类高校本科教育中所存在的不足和弊端,以国内外研究为基础,针对学生应用科技能力的培养,提出了"两个结合、三个模块"和"五个方向"的"2+3+5"组织教学模式体系,并对金融工程专业学生实施了实证教学分析和调查研究.在"2+3+5"培养模式下,金融工程专业学生的创新、应用科技能力以及综合素质均得到了较大的提高.     

基于MapX的小灵通网络路测系统的设计

通过建立协议规则池对RCR STD-28协议进行解析,及时对小灵通通信的信元作出分析,结合GPS数据将解析结果运用M apX,在地图上实时在线显示,运用专题图图形化的显示分析结果,利用数据存储技术存储采集分析的数据,提供离线分析,为调整优化网络提供可靠依据。     

添加ZrO_2对镁钙砂抗水化性能的影响

以w(CaO)为55%的镁钙砂细粉为原料、ZrO_2为添加剂,在1550℃温度下烧结5h制备镁钙试样,研究了添加ZrO_2对镁钙试样物相组成、显微结构、烧结性能和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明,添加ZrO_2能促进镁钙材料的烧结,且随着ZrO_2加入量的增加,试样的体积密度逐渐增大,显气孔率减小,抗水化性能逐渐增强,这是由于ZrO_2的加入增大了Ca~(2+)的空位浓度,有利于Ca~(2+)的扩散,促进了镁钙试样的烧结致密化和试样中CaO晶粒的长大。此外,ZrO_2还可与游离态CaO反应生成不易水化的CaZrO_3,该反应发生在晶界等容易水化的部位,改变了镁钙试样的显微结构,又进一步提高了材料抗水化性能;当ZrO_2添加量超过5%后,试样的各项性能变化趋于平缓。综合考虑,该镁钙试样中ZrO_2的适宜添加量为5%。     

贺江中下游硅藻群落特征及其与重金属的关系

2013年7月6日贺江爆发镉Cd、铊Tl重金属污染,8日对马尾河至桂粤交界处扶隆码头河段共15个样点进行硅藻采集并分析,结果发现113种硅藻,相对丰度大于5%的有49种,其中丰度最大的是Nitzschia palea(NPAL),其次是Nitzschiafonticola(NFON)、Nitzschiaintermedia(NINT).典范对应分析(CCA)排序前两轴共解释了硅藻群落变异的56.4%,其中Cd、Tl占所有环境因子解释量的61.7%,说明Cd、Tl等重金属在影响硅藻群落变异中起着决定性作用.根据采样点硅藻的相对丰度进行聚类,由硅藻的生态学特征分析除了大宁河口样点水质比较清洁,沙冲河有了轻微的污染,其余其它样点都不同程度受到了中度污染或重度污染.对Cd、Tl重金属浓度和丰度较高的优势种进行相关分析,发现Cd、Tl的浓度大小与NPAL、NINT极显著相关(P0.01),表明NPAL、NINT可以作为贺江重金属污染的指示性属种.     

基于Matlab的土坡稳定分析的解析计算

采用精确积分代替有限条块的求和,得到土质边坡稳定分析的瑞典法和毕肖普简化法的积分表达式,有效地避免了条分法中由于土条数目与宽度的选择所带来的误差.在程序编制过程中,除了考虑土质的非均匀性外,还考虑到实际工程中坡顶及土层面往往呈非水平状态,采用折线型坡面和土层面来模拟实际边坡,利用Matlab语言的内置函数,极大地简化了程序的编制,扩展了积分法在边坡稳定分析中的应用.并利用横向和垂向相结合的二维搜索算法搜索临界圆弧滑动面.通过算例表明,此方法的计算结果是正确合理的,可用于土质边坡稳定分析.