世界航天发射运输的发展趋势

 针对世界航天发射运输系统，梳理了国内外发展现状和发展特点，综合对比了国内外航天发射场、运载火箭、火箭发动机的发展现状，并提出了未来发展趋势和展望。提出了低成本进入空间将改变世界航天发展的基本格局，航天远程跨域运输将突破航空领域运输效率的极限，指出了天地往返运输将成为维系空间环境的必然选择，轨道的多样性将催生多样态全域发射能力，同时传统液氧/煤油、液氢/液氧、液氧/甲烷等推进体制的主力运用领域将会迎来重大变革。     

非酒精性脂肪肝与心血管疾病相关性的研究

非酒精性脂肪肝是慢性肝功能障碍最常见的原因，是一个严重的全球性健康问题。非酒精性脂肪肝已被证明与胰岛素抵抗、肥胖和代谢综合征相关，而这些因素又与心血管疾病密不可分。大量研究表明，非酒精性脂肪肝患者发生心血管疾病的风险增加，心血管疾病是其主要的死亡原因。越来越多的证据提示非酒精性脂肪肝不仅是心血管疾病的一个易感因素，而且可能参与了心血管疾病的发病机制。     

双向认知网络物理层安全策略建模及仿真研究

为提高移动通信系统的性能,构建了一个存在主网络干扰和窃听者的双向认知中继网络的物理层安全传输模型,设计了一种中继选择和功率分配的联合优化策略,用于对抗窃听者,保护收发节点的信息传输。通过仿真分析得出,此非凸优化问题限制条件较多,难以保证粒子群优化算法随机生成的初始解的可行性,从而造成求解困难。提出了一种基于可变网格优化和粒子群优化算法的混合优化算法。仿真结果表明此算法提高了次级网络的保密速率,提升了次级网络的安全性能。     

祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩中非生物成因甲烷‒石墨流体包裹体及其形成条件

研究北祁连造山带玉石沟橄榄岩中富甲烷流体包裹体。激光拉曼光谱原位分析结果显示, 这些流体包裹体主要由液态或气态 CH₄+C(石墨)组成, 次要成分为N₂, H₂O, C₂H₆和C₃H₈, 代表还原性的C-H流体形式。根据石墨的拉曼特征谱峰, 利用石墨化碳质拉曼光谱(RSCM)温度计计算石墨形成温度, 结果指示石墨在流体中沉淀的最低温度介于430~590°C之间, 表明CH₄+C是非生物成因的, 并形成于地幔环境。     

Uncoupled PID Control of Coupled Multi-Agent Nonlinear Uncertain systems

In this paper, PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers will be designed to solve the tracking problem for a class of coupled multi-agent systems, where each agent is described by a second-order high-dimensional nonlinear uncertain dynamical system, which only has access to its own tracking error information and does not need to communicate with others. This paper will show that a 3-dimensional manifold can be constructed based on the information about the Lipschitz constants of the system nonlinear dynamics, such that whenever the three parameters of each PID controller are chosen from the manifold, the whole multi-agent system can be stabilized globally and the tracking error of each agent approaches to zero asymptotically. For a class of coupled first-order multi-agent nonlinear uncertain systems, a PI controller will be designed to stabilize the whole system.     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究

为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。     

三角代数上Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射

设U是一个 2-无挠的三角代数,D ={d_n}_n∈N是U上一个Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射。证明了三角代数U上的每一个Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射都是高阶导子。作为结论的应用,得到套代数或 2-无挠的上三角分块矩阵代数上的每一个Lie积为平方零元的非线性Jordan高阶可导映射都是高阶导子。     

溶剂型双组分重防腐涂料的制备及性能研究

采用可控阳离子聚合工艺制备含氟聚醚（fluoropolyether，FPO），并以此FPO为软段、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（diphenyl methane diisocyannate，MDI）为硬段、三乙醇胺（triethanolamine，TEA）为扩链剂合成软硬段质量比为1：3的热固性含氟聚氨酯（thermosetting fluorined polyurethane，S-FPU）。进而将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane，KH550）和MDI改性的凹凸棒土（palygorskite-KH550，AT-KH550和palygorskite-MDI，AT-MDI）引入S-FPU中获得两种新型的S-FPU/AT-KH550和S-FPU/AT-MDI。根据涂料配方的标准，选择合适的片层状填料、溶剂体系，分别制备了以S-FPU，S-FPU/AT-KH550和S-FPU/AT-MDI为基体树脂的溶剂型双组分重防腐涂料。对涂膜的耐腐蚀性能、耐老化性能、耐水性能及表面性能进行了研究。结果表明：在相同测试时间内，以复合材料为基体的涂膜（S-FPU/AT-KH550和S-FPU/AT-MDI）的耐电化学腐蚀性能更优，涂膜损坏程度低；水环境中涂膜能够对金属实现良好的保护，防止金属基材生锈，涂膜不起泡，不脱落，变色、失光现象不明显，其中S-FPU/AT-MDI涂膜的性能最好，涂膜表面疏水性更优。