Field study of plant survival as affected by amendments to bentonite spoil

Efforts to reclaim amended and raw bentonite spoils with six plant species (two forbs, three shrubs, and one tree) were evaluated over a 4-year period. Plant species included fourwing saltbush ( Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt.), big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata tridentata Nutt.), Rocky Mountain Juniper ( Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.), Russian olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) common yarrow ( Achillea millifolium L.) and scarlet globemallow ( Sphaeralcea coccinea [Pursh] Rydb.). Spoil treatments included addition of gypsum, sawdust, perlite, straw, and vermiculite; the control treatment was amended. Fourwing saltbush had 52% survival across all spoil treatments, with greatest survival occurring on perlite-treated spoil (80%), followed by gypsum (70%) and vermiculite amendments (70%). Survival of other plant species ranged from 0 to 2% averaged across all treatments after 4 years. No differences in plant survival occurred among amendments when all species were considered.     

陈国达矿(Ag9FeTe2S4): 胶东地区金矿床中发现的硫碲化物新矿物

陈国达矿(Ag9FeTe₂S₄), 产于中国胶东金矿区埠南金矿的含金-银的黄铜矿-石英脉中, 呈5~70 μm的半自形-他形粒状与方铅矿、黄铜矿、碲银矿、银金矿、自然银、未定名的Ag₆TeS₂, Ag₁₆FeBiTe₃S₈共生, 并被自然银和螺状硫银矿包围交代. 其平均化学成分(16个EPMA分析值)为Ag_8.97Fe_1.00Te_1.99S_4.04, 理想化学式Ag₉FeTe₂S₄. 利用甘多菲照相及同步辐射迴摆照相技术, 获得陈国达矿的67个衍射线, 主要衍射强线的d值和相对强度(括号中)为: 6.742(69), 6.416(39), 5.951(33), 3.265(100), 2.981(24), 2.649(22), 2.25(24), 2.188(71), 2.142(22), 2.123(31), 2.044(23), 1.949(33). 该衍射数据指标化为斜方晶系, a = 12.769 (2) Å, b = 14.814(2) Å, c = 16.233 (1) Å, V = 3070.6 ų, Z = 9, d_cal = 6.85 g/cm³. 反光显微镜下, 陈国达矿的光学性质与硫银锡矿接近, 浅灰色, 无明显非均质性, 摩氏硬度2~3, 颜色指数: x = 0.3027, y = 0.3076, Y = 25.78%, λ_d = 474 nm, Pe = 3.68%. 该矿物以中国地质学家、地洼学说的创立人陈国达教授的姓名命名. 该矿物及命名经IMA-CNMMN于2004年投票通过. 2005年作者补充数据后, 由CNMMN主席正式公布, 批准号2004-042a.     

Radiative forcing due to dust aerosol over east Asia-north Pacific region during spring, 2001

Atmosphericaerosolsinfluencetheradiationbudgetoftheatmosphere-terrestrialsystem,andthereforeinflu-encetheclimate.Dustaerosolisconsideredtobeacriticalfactortoclimateforcingamongotherkindsofaerosols,whichaccountsfor30percentofaerosolloadingandop-ticaldepth[1].Therearelargeuncertaintiesinthequantita-tiveassessmentsoftheradiativeeffectofdustatthepre-sentday,involvingvariousfactors:refractiveindices,par-ticlesizedistribution,atmosphericaerosolloading,parti-cleshape,etc.[2].Dustaerosolgenerallyorigi…     

装配式预制混凝土结构在日本的应用

装配式预制混凝土结构具有构件加工精度高、混凝土浇筑质量好、施工速度快、建筑物使用寿命长、节省大量模板材料及省略支模工序等主要优点,在欧美及日本等发达国家得到了广泛的应用与推广.其中,各种预制件间的连接抗震设计是保证结构整体抗震性能的关键所在.介绍了日本在该结构体系上的实际应用情况及主要连接抗震设计的基本内容,为该结构体系在我国的推广应用提供一定的参考资料.     

框架边节点斜压机构混凝土强度有效因数解析

利用斜压-桁架模型对以往35个剪切破坏型以及6个梁屈服后剪切破坏型钢筋混凝土框架边节点试件抗剪强度进行解析.探讨了混凝土抗压强度、柱轴压比、节点水平箍筋量、节点竖向箍筋量以及斜压机构倾角等参数对斜压机构混凝土强度有效因数p的影响.研究结果表明,混凝土强度越高,最大荷载时p值衰减率越大;普通强度混凝土时节点箍筋对p值衰减的抑制效果比高强度混凝土时明显;节点箍筋配箍率小于0.3%范围内斜压机构承担总剪力的80%以上.根据对p值的解析结果提出了针对节点强度的计算式,计算值与试验结果吻合.     

Volatility forecasts using stochastic volatility models with nonlinear leverage effects

The leverage effect—the correlation between an asset's return and its volatility—has played a key role in forecasting and understanding volatility and risk. While it is a long standing consensus that leverage effects exist and improve forecasts, empirical evidence puzzlingly does not show that this effect exists for many individual stocks, mischaracterizing risk, and therefore leading to poor predictive performance. We examine this puzzle, with the goal to improve density forecasts, by relaxing the assumption of linearity of the leverage effect. Nonlinear generalizations of the leverage effect are proposed within the Bayesian stochastic volatility framework in order to capture flexible leverage structures. Efficient Bayesian sequential computation is developed and implemented to estimate this effect in a practical, on-line manner. Examining 615 stocks that comprise the S&P500 and Nikkei 225, we find that our proposed nonlinear leverage effect model improves predictive performances for 89% of all stocks compared to the conventional stochastic volatility model.     

K-type breakdown process of intracloud discharge in Chinese

Some special features of lightning discharges in the eastern area of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have been investigated through multi-station measurements of wide-band slow antenna systems synchronized by Global Positioning System (GPS) with a time resolution of 1 jis. The K-type breakdown processes during one intracloud (1C) discharge were analyzed using the time differences of radiation pulses arriving at different stations. It was found that K-type breakdown processes during IC discharge started from a negative charge region and propagated downward to the lower positive charge region with an average speed of 1.5 x 10 m/s. The altitude of negative charge region was between 5.0 and 6.0 km above ground, while that of positive charge region was between 2 .5 and 3 .5 km above ground.     

为后世生活—汉族的生死观与死的条件

汉族理想的死亡是在“后世”(阴间)幸福生活的条件。理想的死,需要具备生前长寿、临终前的必要准备、寿终的正常死亡及成为被子孙祭祀的祖先等必要条件。     

Effects of dissolved organic matter on the growth and pigments synthesis of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira)

Excessive accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the culture ponds of Spirulina platensis is usually considered to be one of the potential factors affecting the production of S. platensis, however, we are not quite aware of effects of DOM on the growth and pigments synthesis of S. platensis. In the present study, S. platensis was grown in batch or semi?continuous cultures using the filtrate in the culture ponds that had not been renewed for years. It was found that disssolved organic carbon up to 60 mg/L did not bring about an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. platensis, but increased the contents of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin instead. However, further accumulation of dissolved organic matter could decrease the content of chlorophyll a.