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Lionel Larue Florian de Vuyst Véronique Delmas 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2013,70(6):1067-1079
Melanoblasts are a particular type of cell that displays extensive cellular proliferation during development to contribute to the skin. There are only a few melanoblast founders, initially located just dorsal to the neural tube, and they sequentially colonize the dermis, epidermis, and hair follicles. In each compartment, melanoblasts are exposed to a wide variety of developmental cues that regulate their expansion. The colonization of the dermis and epidermis by melanoblasts involves substantial proliferation to generate thousands of cells or more from a few founders within a week of development. This review addresses the cellular and molecular events occurring during melanoblast development. We focus on intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control melanoblast proliferation. We also present a robust mathematical model for estimating the doubling-time of dermal and epidermal melanoblasts for all coat color phenotypes from black to white. 相似文献
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Mitf cooperates with Rb1 and activates p21Cip1 expression to regulate cell cycle progression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carreira S Goodall J Aksan I La Rocca SA Galibert MD Denat L Larue L Goding CR 《Nature》2005,433(7027):764-769
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Blight SK Larue RC Mahapatra A Longstaff DG Chang E Zhao G Kang PT Green-Church KB Chan MK Krzycki JA 《Nature》2004,431(7006):333-335
Pyrrolysine is the 22nd amino acid. An unresolved question has been how this atypical genetically encoded residue is inserted into proteins, because all previously described naturally occurring aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are specific for one of the 20 universally distributed amino acids. Here we establish that synthetic L-pyrrolysine is attached as a free molecule to tRNA(CUA) by PylS, an archaeal class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. PylS activates pyrrolysine with ATP and ligates pyrrolysine to tRNA(CUA) in vitro in reactions specific for pyrrolysine. The addition of pyrrolysine to Escherichia coli cells expressing pylT (encoding tRNA(CUA)) and pylS results in the translation of UAG in vivo as a sense codon. This is the first example from nature of direct aminoacylation of a tRNA with a non-canonical amino acid and shows that the genetic code of E. coli can be expanded to include UAG-directed pyrrolysine incorporation into proteins. 相似文献
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