Genome-wide copy number variation study associates metabotropic glutamate receptor gene networks with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, heritable neuropsychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. We performed a whole-genome copy number variation (CNV) study on 1,013 cases with ADHD and 4,105 healthy children of European ancestry using 550,000 SNPs. We evaluated statistically significant findings in multiple independent cohorts, with a total of 2,493 cases with ADHD and 9,222 controls of European ancestry, using matched platforms. CNVs affecting metabotropic glutamate receptor genes were enriched across all cohorts (P = 2.1 × 10(-9)). We saw GRM5 (encoding glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5) deletions in ten cases and one control (P = 1.36 × 10(-6)). We saw GRM7 deletions in six cases, and we saw GRM8 deletions in eight cases and no controls. GRM1 was duplicated in eight cases. We experimentally validated the observed variants using quantitative RT-PCR. A gene network analysis showed that genes interacting with the genes in the GRM family are enriched for CNVs in ～10% of the cases (P = 4.38 × 10(-10)) after correction for occurrence in the controls. We identified rare recurrent CNVs affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission genes that were overrepresented in multiple ADHD cohorts.     

Development of City Transport System and Two-wheel Vehicles

Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide, this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode, which is influenced by the city development plan, economic development level, traveling vehicle composition etc.. When some problems occur, such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition, the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period. If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile, optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case. With the development of economy-internationalization, the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid. When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency, the advantages of public transport system become more obvious. Correspondingly, the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear. Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems i     

Rapid Manufacturing of Non-Assembly Complex Micro-Devices by Microstereolithography

This paper introduces a non-assembly manufacturing case with microstereolithography technology. The design and manufacturing process of a pneumatic thrust bearing is described, and a special tessellation method is developed to further improve the capability of the manufacturing system thus bigger products can also be easily manufactured. Implemented in a layer-by-layer fashion, stereolithography has been used for the rapid manufacturing of complex devices, and it avoids the expensive assembly process in the traditional manufacturing. This paper presents that microstereolithography can produce high-resolution products with intricate details, small openings, and smooth surfaces. The potential of the microstereolithograhy technique is explored for the rapid manufacturing of small and complex objects.