Distribution of the milliped Tylobolus utahensis Chamberlin, with remarks on T. fredericksoni (Causey) (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae)

Tylobolus utahensis Chamberlin, the only representative of the genus occurring in the southwestern deserts, ranges from central Inyo County, California, to the western periphery of Kane County, Utah. This distribution roughly corresponds to the northern limit of the Mojave Desert ecosystem and is also shown by the millipede Piedolus utus Chamberlin. (Spirobolida: Atopetholidae) and the centipede Theatops posticus (Say) (Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae). Tylobolus fredericksoni Causey, ostensibly from Douglas County, Kansas, is designated "" nomen dubium "" and disregarded pending collection of fresh material; Narceus gordanus (Chamberlin) is deleted from South Carolina and Tennessee. Tyobolus uncigerus (Wood) occurs north of the Columbia River in Klickitat County, Washington, and Hiltonius thebanus Chamberlin is referable to Onychelus Cook in the family Atopetholidae.     

High electrical discharge frequency during aggressive behaviour in a mormyrid fish,Gnathonemus petersii

Zusammenfassung Der elektrische FischGnathonemus petersii sendet beim Angriff auf einen anderen Mormyriden,Mormyrus rume, und während des Breitseitimponierens «burst»-artige elektrische Entladungen von Frequenzen bis zu 140 Hz aus.

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This study was sponsored by a fellowship and by research grant No 318/3b of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. I am especially endebted to Dr.T. Szabo for his support, his helpful discussions and for his critical comments during the experiments.     

Erycanosid,ein neues Herzglycosid ausErysimum canescens Roth

Summary By application of the counter-current method on extracts ofErysimum canescens Roth, four new crystalline glycosides have been isolated besides of Helveticoside and Erysimoside. The structure of one of them, named Erycanoside, has been determined as Strophanthidin--2-desoxy-D-glucosido-glucoside.     

Vincanorin und Vincarein,zwei neue Alkaloide ausVinca minor L.

Summary The isolation of two new alkaloids fromVinca minor L. (Apocynaceae) is described. Vincarein, C₂₁H₂₄N₂O₄, and Vincanorin, C₁₉H₂₂N₂O, both probably belong to the group of indol alkaloids.     

Nachweis von Nahrungsmittel-Antikörpern mittels der Hämagglutination

Summary By means of ahaemo-agglutination test using erythrocytes sensitised with tannic acid, we were able to demonstrate the presence of cow's milk antibodies in humans. The use of the haemo-agglutination test enables us now to give exact information on the titer value of the antibody in human serum. Previously this was limitately possible using the method of antibody demonstration by means of the complement-compound reaction.We have well-established reasons to assume that other antibodies caused by various antigens, can be determined by means of the haemo-agglutination test.     

Morphology of colloidal gold, ferritin and anti-ferritin antibody complexes.

The morphology of model complexes between colloidal gold, ferritin and anti-ferritin antibodies has been studied in order to evaluate the potential of colloidal gold as a cytochemical marker.     

Adaptive subwavelength control of nano-optical fields

Adaptive shaping of the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses has been developed into an efficient tool for the directed manipulation of interference phenomena, thus providing coherent control over various quantum-mechanical systems. Temporal resolution in the femtosecond or even attosecond range has been demonstrated, but spatial resolution is limited by diffraction to approximately half the wavelength of the light field (that is, several hundred nanometres). Theory has indicated that the spatial limitation to coherent control can be overcome with the illumination of nanostructures: the spatial near-field distribution was shown to depend on the linear chirp of an irradiating laser pulse. An extension of this idea to adaptive control, combining multiparameter pulse shaping with a learning algorithm, demonstrated the generation of user-specified optical near-field distributions in an optimal and flexible fashion. Shaping of the polarization of the laser pulse provides a particularly efficient and versatile nano-optical manipulation method. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept experimentally, by tailoring the optical near field in the vicinity of silver nanostructures through adaptive polarization shaping of femtosecond laser pulses and then probing the lateral field distribution by two-photon photoemission electron microscopy. In this combination of adaptive control and nano-optics, we achieve subwavelength dynamic localization of electromagnetic intensity on the nanometre scale and thus overcome the spatial restrictions of conventional optics. This experimental realization of theoretical suggestions opens a number of perspectives in coherent control, nano-optics, nonlinear spectroscopy, and other research fields in which optical investigations are carried out with spatial or temporal resolution.