Thermodynamics of bromate and iodate of sodium in dioxane-water mixtures at different temperatures

Summary The free energy transfer (G _t ⁰ ) enthalpy of transfer (H _t ⁰ ) and entropy of transfer (S _t ⁰ ) of NaBrO₃ and NaIO₃ from water to 10, 20 and 30% dioxane-water mixtures have been studied using conductance measurements. The chemical and electrical parts of these transfers of thermodynamic parameters have been estimated.To whom reprint requests should be addressed.     

Fucosidases du suc digestif d'Helix pomatia

Summary The-d-fucosidase and -l-fucosidase activities of digestive juice ofHelix pomatia have been studied.-d-fucosidase can be separated from-d-galactosidase by heat inactivation.     

A new tryptophan derived alkaloid fromEvodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. et Hook

Summary The first tryptophan-derived indolopyridoquinazoline alkaloid has been isolated from the fruits ofEvodia rutaecarpa (Jussieu) Bentham et Hook. Its structure is deduced on the basis of spectral data and enantioselective synthesis. The compound has been assigned the absolute configuration (7S,13bS)-7-carboxy-8,13,13b,14-tetrahydro-14-methylindolo[2,33,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(7H)-one.     

Characterization of 17β-estradiol 3-(β-D-glucopyranoside) and 17-(α-D-glucopyranoside) as the metabolites of 17β-estradiol in the cultured ovaries of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

Summary The structures of the metabolites formed upon incubation of 17-estradiol with the ovaries of silkworm,Bombyx mori, have been determined as 17-estradiol 3-(-D-glucopyranoside) (1) and 17-(-D-glucopyranoside) (2) by spectroscopic means.     

Synthese von 5α- und 5β-Androstan-17β-ol-3-on-17-acetat aus Hyodesoxycholsäure

Summary 5- and 5-androstane-17-ol-3-one-17-acetate have been prepared from 5-androstane-6, 17-diol-3-one-17-acetate by a synthesis involving directedHuang-Minlon-reduction.Separation of 5-androstane-17-ol-3-one from its 5-isomer could readily be achieved by crystallisation of their 3-ethylenketals from acetone.     

Synthese von 22,26-Imino-cholestan-Derivaten

Summary 3, 16-diacetoxy-5-pregnane-20-one and the analogue pregn-5-ene derivative have been converted into (22R, 25R)-22, 26-imino-5-cholestane-3, 16-diol. The configuration at C-22 and C-25 was determined by transformation into the known (22R, 25R)-5-solanidane-3-one. Application of the Ruschig method led to (25R)-22,26-imino-5-cholest-22(N)-ene-3, 16-diol.

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Solanum-Alkaloide. XVI. Mitteilung. — XV. Mitteilung:K. Schreiber undH. Ripperger, Tetrahedron Letters Nr.27, 9 (1960).     

Sur la présence deβ-alanine dans les tissus des plantes supérieures

Summary -alanine has always been found in peptide hydrolysates of various higher plants, but never in protein hydrolysates. An assumption that the-alanine so found is a constituent of coenzyme A has been suggested.     

Allozyme polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium ofAdh and α-Gpdh loci in wine cellar and field populations ofDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Over three years, theAdh and -Gpdh loci have been studied in two cellar populations ofDrosophila melanogaster and in two field populations which were each near to one of the cellars. Analyses of gene frequencies indicate that the divergence among subpopulations is greater in theAdh locus than in the -Gpdh locus. Selection for or againstAdh ^S allele acting on theIn(2L)t inversion influences of the -Gpdh alleles. This phenomenon may contribute to explain the maintenance of theAdh and -Gpdh polymorphism and of theIn(2L)t inversion.     

Isolement et identification du 5β-prégnane 11β, 17α, 21-triol 3, 20-dione (Dihydrocortisol) dans l'urine humaine

Summary 5-pregnane 11, 17, 21-triol 3, 20-dione (dihydrocortisol) has been isolated and identified in the urine of patients with feminizing adrenal cortical cancer. This steroid showed the same Rf as synthetic dihydrocortisol in six different chromatographic systems. After acetylation, its Rf was the same as that of 21 monoacetate of dihydrocortisol. After bismuthic or chromic oxydation, it had the same chromatographic Rf as 5-androstane 11-ol 3, 17-dione and 5-androstane 3, 11, 17-trione respectively. After chromic oxydation of its acetate, the Rf was the same as that of 21 monoacetate of cortisone.     

Synthese von Solanidin aus Demissidin

Summary The steroidal alkaloid solanidine (solanid-5-ene-3-ol, II) which occurs in the potato plantSolanum tuberosum L. has been synthesized from demissidine (5-solanidane-3-ol, I), an alkaloid from the Mexican wild potatoSolanum demissum Lindl. The synthesis involves the following steps: 5-solanidane-3-one, 2,4-dibromo-5-solanidane-3-one, solanid-4-ene-3-one, 3-acetoxy-solanida-3,5-diene, and solanidine (II).

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Solanum-Alkaloide. XVII. Mitteilung. — XVI. Mitteilung:K. Schreiber undG. Adam, Exper.17, 490 (1961).     

Die Konstitution der Salamander-Alkaloide

Summary Four alkaloids have been isolated from the skin gland of the Feuer- and Alpensalamander (Salamandra maculosa andatra Laur.). The structure, stereochemistry and absolute configuration of the principal alkaloid, samandarin, have been elucidated by chemical, optical, and X-ray-crystallographic methods. The basic structure of samandarin is derived from 5-androstan by the insertion between C-2 and C-3 of ring A of an NH group which, along with an oxygen bridge between C-1 and C-3, constitutes an oxazolidine ring; at C₁₆ there is a-hydroxyl group. By virtue of its origin and constitution samandarin occupies a unique position among alkaloids.

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Nach der am 15. Juni 1960 in der Aula der Universität Zürich gehaltenen zweitenPaul-Karrer-Vorlesung. Der Vortrag ist zum Teil gekürzt, Ergebnisse der letzten Zeit sind in die vorliegende Fassung eingearbeitet worden.     

Carbohydrase and esterase activity in the gut of larvalCallosobruchus maculatus

Summary Carbohydrase activity has been demonstrated in homogenates of the alimentary tracts of late instar larvae ofC. maculatus:-D galactosidase, -D glucosidase and N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase activities were comparable and significantly greater than -D galactosidase,-D glucosidase and -D mannosidase. The effects of pH and substrate concentration are reported. The presence and changes in pattern of non-specific esterase activity in larval and adult gut homogenates is also described.     

The metabolism of the male antifertility agent 1-amino-3-chloropropan-2-ol in the rat

Summary The male antifertility agent 1-amino-3-chloropropan-2-ol (ACP,I) has been shown to be metabolized to-chlorohydrin (III) and metabolites of-chlorohydrin. This accounts for the similar antifertility and renal toxicity effects of both compounds.     

Partialsynthese des Aldosterons

Summary The preparation of the (18 11)-lactone of ⁵-3-ethylenedioxy-11-hydroxy-21-acetoxy-20-oxo-pregnen-18-oic acid (XV) is reported. Since this compound has previously been transformed into aldosterone, the reactions described represent the first partial synthesis of this important hormone from readily available 18-unsubstituted natural steroids.

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Über Steroide, 163. Mitteilung; 162. Mitteilung vgl.P. Wieland, K. Heusler undA. Wettstein, Helv. chim. Acta43 (1960), im Druck; XV. Mitteilung überSynthesen in der Aldosteron-Reihe; XIV. Mitteilung vgl.J. Schmidlin undA. Wettstein, Helv. chim. Acta42, 2636 (1959).

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Steroide und Sexualhormone, 215, Mitteilung; 214. Mitteilung vgl.B. Kamber, G. Cainelli, D. Arigoni undO. Jeger, Helv. chim. Acta43 (1960), im Druck.     

Repression phagique de l'hémolysine delta chezStaphylococcus aureus

Summary The effects of double, simultaneous, or successive lysogenisation of BSS strain ofS. aureus by two staphylococcal phages, both isolated from the same strain, have been studied. These phages (RE andD) are easily distinguished electronmicroscopically by the morphology of the virions as well as by the aspect of the plaques on the BSS. Lysogenization of BSS byD is always accompanied by repression of-haemolysin (conversion), but lysogenisation byRE is only rarely accompanied by the loss of (-haemolysin (the frequency of the phenomenon suggests a transduction). In double lysogenization of BSS strain byRE andD, the sequence of lysogenisation does not, apparently, play an important role.

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Subventionné par le Conseil des Recherches Médicales du Canada     

Marine antitumor agents: 14-deoxycrassin and pseudoplexaurol,new cembranoid diterpenes from the Caribbean gorgonianPseudoplexaura porosa

Two new cytotoxic antitumor diterpenoids of the cembrane class, named 14-deoxycrassin (3) and pseudoplexaurol (4), have been isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian octocoralPseudoplexaura porosa. The structure of lactone3, possessing the infrequently encountered -methylene--lactone ring, has been established from spectral and chemical data and that of alcohol4 has been established from spectral data.     

Enzymatische Hydrierungen im Ring A von Steroiden mittels Streptomyzeten

Summary A strain ofStreptomyces griseus has been found to convert ⁴-3-keto steroids into the corresponding saturated 3-keto-5-compounds and, on prolonged incubation, into the 3-hydroxy-5-derivatives.

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10. Mitt. über mikrobiologische Reaktionen; 9. Mitt. sieheJ. Urech, E. Vischer undA. Wettstein, Helv. chim. Acta43, 1077 (1960).

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170. Mitt. über Steroide; 169. Mitt. sieheR. Neher undA. Wettstein, Helv. chim. Acta43, 1171 (1960).

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Auszugsweise vorgetragen am VII. Internationalen Kongress für Mikrobiologie, Stockholm 1958.     

Über die Biosynthese des β-Carotins beiMucor hiemalis. Die Beteiligung der Essigsäure am Aufbau des Carotinmoleküls,untersucht mit Hilfe C14-markierter Essigsäure

Summary It has been demonstrated with labelled acetate, C¹⁴H₃ . COONa, CH₃-C¹⁴OONa), that the methyl groups of acetic acid form the methyl groups of the chain between the two-jonone rings of the-carotene. The carboxylic groups of the acetic acid on the other hand form the neighbouring C-Atoms of the methyl groups.     

Kelletinin I and kelletinin A from the marine molluscBuccinulum corneum are inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymeraseα

Summary The inhibitory effect of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (kelletinins I and A), extracted from the marine gastropodBuccinulum corneum, have been tested on eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes of DNA metabolism such as DNA polymerases and , DNA polymerase I, Exo III, pancreatic DNAse I, micrococcal DNAse andE. coli RNA polymerase. Kelletinin I and kelletinin A inhibit preferentially DNA polymerase. The inhibitory effect of kelletinin I involves the hydroxyl group of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.     

ω10-Lipoxygenase products of α-linolenic acid are esterified to phospholipids inHydra vulgaris

We have recently reported the occurrence of 9(R)-hydroxy-, 9(R)-hydroperoxy- and 9-keto-octadeca-10E,12Z,15Z-trienoic acids (9-HOTrE, 9-HPOTrE and 9-KOTrE) inHydra vulgaris, and their biosynthesis from -linolenic acid (-LA) through the action of an enantioselective 10(R)-lipoxygenase (10-LO). Here we describe the finding of these -LA metabolites as esters to the 2-position of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and, in trace amounts, phosphatidylinositol. Small amounts of a compound co-eluting with an authentic standard of 9(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-10E,12Z-dienoic acid, a metabolite potentially derived from the action of 10-LO on linoleic acid, were also found esterified with phospholipids. Since direct peroxidation of membrane lipids has been described, experiments were aimed at establishing whether -LA metabolite-containing phospholipids could originate, inH. vulgaris, from either spontaneous or 10-LO-catalyzed oxidation of phospholipid-bound -LA. Incubation of either unlabelled or radiolabelled PUFA-containing phosphoglycerides withH. vulgaris 10-LO did not result in their peroxidation. This suggests that -LA and LA metabolites are incorporated into glycerophospholipids after their formation by 10-LO, and that, as in mamals, membrane phospholipids may serve as a reservoir for these bioactive compounds. This is the first example in an invertebrate species of lipoxygenase products esterified to phosphoglycerides.