INFLUENCE OF POLYMER CHARACTERISTICS AND MELT-SPINNING CONDITIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH RANDOMNESS 60PHB/PET THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTAL COPOLYESTER FIBER

Six samples of linear high randomness 60PHB/ PET thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters are made by melt copolymerization at 290℃ , whose randomness about 0.955 is measured by the discernible 'H-NMR spectrometer. High tenacity, high module fiber is prepared by melt spinning in liquid crystal phase. The effect of molecular weight, shear rate, temperature as well as spinning drawn ratio on the mechanical behavior of 60PHB / PET copolyester fiber are shown that, lower shear rate (2~ 10 s~(-1)), higher temperature melting (300℃ ), lower temperature spinning (280℃ ) and higher molecular weight are favourable to the increase of the fiber mechanical properties. With the variance of drawn ratio, fiber mechanical property has a transition point due to traversion from shear-orientation to drawn-orientation. The copolyester fiber has high crystallinity, high orientation at the crystalline region, high chain orientation and high regular fibrillar structure.     

高吸水改性聚乙烯醇(PVA)的制取及性能

高吸水改性 PVA 由 PVA 树脂通过酯化和皂化而成。它能吸收高达自重600倍的纯水。通过对酯化速度、交联度等的测定,计算了酯化反应活化能,并探讨了影响酯化率、交联密度及吸水性能的诸因素及其互相关系。借助 X 射线衍射、透射电镜,动态力学测试仪等的测试表明:高吸水改性 PVA 是一种二相结构,具有比纯 PVA 为低的结晶度。据此提出了高吸水改性 PVA 的结构模型。最后还报导了高吸水改性 PVA 的一些吸水性能。     

苎麻纤维环氧化合物改性研究

研制了6种不同结构的环氧化合物交联剂。对环氧化合物与苎麻纤维交联反应工艺进行了研究。改性苎麻纤维物理性能分析结果显示，交联剂质量分数、焙烘温度和时间均对苎麻纤维的改性效果有显著影响。当交联剂在3％～5％之间，焙烘温度130～140℃左右，焙烘时间3～5min左右，苎麻纤维回潮率、拉伸断裂强度及断裂伸长率有明显提高。     

用动态力学方法研究PET/PHB共聚酯的转变与分子运动

测定了 PET 和含30,60,70,80 mol%PHB 的 PET/PHB 共聚酯熔体热压骤冷薄膜在宽广温度范围(-150～200℃)内的动态力学谱,并考察了热处理对薄膜动态力学性质的影响。根据松驰转变的特征将共聚酯分为两类。一类是 PET/30PHB,在室温以上出现一个α转变,其内耗峰的形状、位置、峰值及其随热处理的变化都与 PET 的α峰相类同。这一转变应为共聚酯中非晶区的 PET 链段或富 PET 链段的运动引起,另一类为 PHB 含量大于60mol%的共聚酯,它们在室温以上均出现α_4和α_H 两个转变。其中α_1的峰位,以及峰值随 PHB 含量、热处理的变化情况都表明,α_1转变系共聚酯富 PET 相中非晶 PET 链段或富 PET 链段运动引起。而α_H 转变则与富 PHB 相中的分子运动有关。从这类共聚酯转变中得出的链结构不是完全无规的结论,与作者对同一试样的 NMR 序列分布研究结果相一致。     

羊毛拉伸细化及其效果

分析了有捻毛条拉伸过程中拉伸载荷的变化规律和纤维直径的变化，通过烘燥和沸水收缩率的测量，探讨了细化羊毛的定形效果，并借助扫描电镜照片，分析了细化羊毛的形态变化及其原因。     

PET/PHB(40/60)共聚反应和链结构

本文通过溶解性试验、富里埃红外光谱(FT-IR)、热台偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、高分辨核磁共振氢谱(′H—NMR)等方法,对 PET/PHB(40/60)共聚合反应历程,反应过程中嵌段性的形成,以及链结构的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明:共聚合反应初期,同时存在着 PET 的酸性裂介,PHB 的均聚,以及 PET 和 PHB 链段之间的缩聚。随共聚合反应的进行,均聚反应减慢,反应初期所形成的 PHB 刚性链段重新打开参加酯交换反应,共聚酯序列结构由嵌段性逐渐向无规性靠近。     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及应用进展

综述了PVA水凝胶的制备进展,详细介绍了PVA水凝胶的最新应用研究。     

聚(对/间苯二甲酸-双酚A)的制备与性能

作者以双酚A二乙酸酯、对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸为原料,用熔融缩聚的方法制备了一系列组成不同的芳香族共聚酯。实验结果表明: 1.当双酚A二乙酸酯的过量为12％时,可得到最大分子量的产物。 2.当共聚酯中对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的含量接近等摩尔时,其密度最低。 3.当间苯二甲酸的含量为10％、15％和50％(摩尔)时,共聚酯显示出热致性中介相的光学性质。 4.间苯二甲酸含量为10—35％(摩尔)的共聚酯,其可纺性能良好。     

Investigating the Microstructure of Slenderized Wool Fibers at Different Stretching Ratios by Raman Spectroscopy

The molecular conformation and the microstructure of the slenderized wool fibers have been studied by the Raman spectroscopy. The typical bands analyzed in this paper include the amideⅠand amide Ⅲ regions, the C-C skeletal vibration region, and the S-S and C-S bond vibration regions. The experimental results show that ⅰ) the Raman spectroscopy can reveal the secondary structural transformation from α-helical to β-pleated sheet begin at the early stage of stretching; ⅱ) the stretching mechanism of wool fibers can be divided into two different mechanisms, I.e. The secondary structural transformation and the slippage of the polypeptide chain; and ⅲ) the stretching leads to the increasing of the amount of the disordered conformation and the decreasing of the amount of S-S bonds.     

STUDIES ON SEQUENCE STRUCTURE OF PET/PHB COPOLYESTERS

In this paper,the sequence distribution in the copolyester made from polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) at 290℃has been investigated by 400MHz ~1H-NMR.It has been found that reference factor m of PET/PHB copo!yester linearly de-creases when PHB molar fraction increases.In addition,a series of sequence structure parameters,such as PET,PHB segment mean length,randomness,etc.are calculated from a probability modelby m,X_(PHB)%.This copolyester made at 290℃ is found to be nearer to that of completely randomcopolymer compared with that of the eopolyester made at 270℃,as in the case of the generalcopolycondensation.PHB-rich phase is formed only when PHB per number≥4,basing on thisconclusion,we establish the relationship between theoretical contents of PHB-rich phaseW_(PHB)% and PHB contents X_(PHB)% :W_(PHB)%=104.0X_(PHB)~(4.40) The minimum PHB-rich phase con-tent forming liquid crystal phase is 1.1% wt.